Serological, phenotypic and molecular characterization of brucellosis in small ruminants in northern Algeria.

Brucellosis is considered a common bacterial zoonotic disease of high prevalence in countries of the Middle East and the Mediterranean region with economic and public health impact. The present study aimed to investigate the current situation of brucellosis in small ruminants reared in Médéa and Sidi Bel-Abbès provinces, north Algeria. To achieve this objective, 96 sera (77 sheep and 19 goat) and 57 milk (42 sheep and 15 goat) samples were collected from suspected infected animals and serologically analyzed by using ELISA.

Getah virus triggers ROS-mediated autophagy in mouse Leydig cells.

Introduction: Getah virus (GETV) is a zoonotic virus transmitted via a mosquito-vertebrate cycle. While previous studies have explored the epidemiology and pathogenicity of GETV in various species, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Methods: This study investigated the impact of GETV infection and associated molecular mechanisms on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy levels in mouse Leydig cells both and .

ASFV infection induces lipid metabolic disturbances and promotes viral replication.

Introduction: African swine fever is a highly transmissible and lethal infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which has considerably impacted the global swine industry. Lipid metabolism plays a vital role in sustaining lipid and energy homeostasis within cells and influences the viral life cycle.

Methods And Results: In this study, we found that ASFV infection disrupts lipid metabolism in the host.

Corrigendum: Specific detection of duck adeno-associated virus using a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.

Zoonotic diseases awareness and food safety practices among livestock farmers in Nepal.

Interactions between humans and livestock could increase the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. In addition, limited knowledge of zoonoses and foodborne diseases among livestock farmers could heighten the risks of foodborne illness and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. This study evaluated the awareness of zoonotic diseases and preventive practices for zoonotic and foodborne diseases among livestock farmers of the Chitwan, Rupandehi, and Tanahun districts of Nepal by conducting a cross-sectional survey of 280 livestock farmers.

Determining causal pathogens and inflammatory state of mastitis in dairy cows via Gram staining of precipitates in milk.

Early detection of bovine mastitis-causing pathogens is necessary for treatment. As culturing methods are time-consuming, a more rapid detection technique is required. This study investigated the sensitivity, specificity, and detection limit of Gram staining of milk precipitates (milk Gram stain, MGS) to detect bovine mastitis-causing pathogens in milk, as well as the potential of MGS to diagnose inflammation by counting polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN).

Joint exploration of network pharmacology and metabolomics on the effects of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in weaned yaks.

Introduction: Chinese herbal medicines are relatively inexpensive and have fewer side effects, making them an effective option for improving health and treating diseases. As a result, they have gained more attention in recent years. The weaning period is a critical stage in the life of yaks, often inducing stress in calves.

Early detection of canine hemangiosarcoma via cfDNA fragmentation and copy number alterations in liquid biopsies using machine learning.

Hemangiosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor commonly affecting canines, originating from endothelial cells that line blood vessels, underscoring the importance of early detection. This canine cancer is analogous to human angiosarcoma, and the development of liquid biopsies leveraging cell-free DNA (cfDNA) represents a promising step forward in early cancer diagnosis. In this study, we utilized Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) to analyze fragment sizes and copy number alterations (CNAs) in cfDNA from 21 hemangiosarcoma-affected and 36 healthy dogs, aiming to enhance early cancer detection accuracy through machine learning models.

Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis: A Rare Yet Lethal Complication Demanding Timely Intervention.

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the rapid spread of infection within the mediastinum. This severe form of mediastinitis poses a significant challenge to clinicians due to its aggressive nature and potential for rapid deterioration. In this case report, we present a challenging case of descending necrotizing mediastinitis in a 39-year-old patient with persistent pyrexia and an extended hospital stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), cardiothoracic unit (CTU), and surgical intensive care unit (SICU).

Molecular insights into the unique properties of the blood-circulating proteasome.

Proteasomes are essential for protein degradation and maintaining cellular balance, yet their roles in extracellular fluids are not well understood. Our study investigates the freely circulating proteasome in blood, to uncover its unique molecular characteristics, compared to its intracellular counterparts. Using a transgenic mouse model, mass spectrometry, and biochemical tools, we show that the predominant proteasome in serum is the free uncapped 20S particle, which seems to assemble intracellularly before entering the bloodstream.

Cockroaches as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Potential Sentinels of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Ugandan Communities: A Retrospective Analysis.

Cockroaches could play a role in the transmission dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) at variable interfaces in Ugandan communities, acting as both reservoirs and vectors. This study investigated the burden and diversity of ARB carried by cockroaches in human settlements in Uganda, so as to understand their role in the spread of these pathogens and their potential as sentinels in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programs. A retrospective analysis was conducted on two unpublished studies by Makerere University students.

Biochemical mechanisms and molecular interactions of vitamins in cancer therapy.

Recently, the potential role of vitamins in cancer therapy has attracted considerable research attention. However, the reported findings are inconsistent, with limited information on the biochemical and molecular interactions of different vitamins in various cancer cells. Importantly, the presence of vitamin receptors in tumor cells suggests that vitamins play a significant role in the molecular and biochemical interactions in cancers.

Non-saponin from maintains blood-brain barrier integrity by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways to prevent the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background: The non-saponin (NS) fraction is an important active component of with multifunctional pharmacological activities including neuroprotective, immune regulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the effects of NSs on multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic and autoimmune demyelinating disorder, have not yet been demonstrated.

Purpose: and Methods: The goal of the present study was to demonstrate the pharmacological actions of NSs on movement dysfunctions and the related mechanisms of action using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS.

Ethanol extract of lymphanax with gypenoside 17 and ginsenoside Re exerts anti-inflammatory properties by targeting the AKT/NF-κB pathway.

Background: Ginseng is processed into several types such as white ginseng, red ginseng, and black ginseng, according to the processing methods such as drying, steaming, and heating. These processing conditions can change the portion of the useful ingredients. Recently, new processing method was established to develop 'lymphanax', an aged fresh white ginseng prepared under anaerobic condition.

Fatty acid oxidation-induced HIF-1α activation facilitates hepatic urate synthesis through upregulating NT5C2 and XDH.

Dyslipidemia affects approximately half of all people with gout, and prior Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal role for elevated triglycerides in hyperuricemia (HU), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that dyslipidemia promotes hepatic urate biosynthesis in HU and gout and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) drives this process. Here we developed a targeted metabolomics to quantify major metabolites in purine metabolic pathway in the sera of a human cohort with HU, gout, and normaluricemic controls.

Decreased lymph node estrogen levels cause nonremitting progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease.

Estrogen, a steroid hormone synthesized by both gonadal and nongonadal tissues, plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses, including reducing relapse rates in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). This study explored the expression of aromatase, the enzyme responsible for estrogen synthesis, in lymph nodes (LNs) and its potential role in the pathogenesis of MS using a mouse model. We utilized Cyp19-RFP mice where cells that express or have previously expressed the Cyp19 gene (encoding aromatase) are marked by red fluorescent protein (RFP).

Supporting social justice through equity-based actions for a sustainable future in animal genetics (at the 39th International Society for Animal Genetics Conference).

The 39th International Society for Animal Genetics conference (ISAG) was held for the first time in Africa under the theme 'Animal genetics for a sustainable future' in 2023. The conference convened scientists, policy makers, industry professionals, and students from interdisciplinary fields to share and discuss the latest developments in the space of animal genetics. Since its inception as a society, ISAG has sought to provide a platform advocating for a just and equitable future in animal genetics.

Insights into the genetics of body size in the Bull Terrier.

The Bull Terrier (Miniature) and Bull Terrier are two varieties of a dog breed historically divided by size. We identify variety-associated chromosomal regions identified using stratified genome-wide association analysis of 69 Bull Terriers (Miniature) and 33 Bull Terriers. Next, we assess the significance of possible functional variants for body size using height (N = 1458) and weight (N = 1282) of Dog10K individuals with breed-representative metrics available.

Retrobulbar Infiltrative Lipoma in a Dog.

A 6-year-old castrated male mixed breed dog presented to the "Louisiana State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital &-anonymized for review" ophthalmology service with marked exophthalmos and lagophthalmos of the left eye and soft tissue swelling medial to the zygomatic arch. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, and it revealed a well-marginated, lobulated, homogenously fat density involving the retrobulbar space. Preliminary results of a fine-needle aspirate (FNA) and biopsy were not conclusive, and a modified transfrontal orbitotomy was performed to remove the mass.

Factors Contributing to Late Breast Cancer Diagnosis at the Brazzaville University Hospital in 2020, Congo: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study.

Objectives: Breast cancer is leading the cancer incidence and mortality ranks worldwide. Currently, breast cancer represents 30.1% of all cancers occurring in women in Congo.

Role of nasal microbiota in regulating host anti-influenza immunity in dogs.

Background: Numerous studies have confirmed a close relationship between the pathogenicity of influenza and respiratory microbiota, but the mechanistic basis for this is poorly defined. Also, the majority of these studies have been conducted on murine models, and it remains unclear how far these findings can be extrapolated from murine models to other animals. Considering that influenza A virus is increasingly recognized as an important canine respiratory pathogen, this study investigated the cross-talk between nasal and lung tissues mediated by microbes and its association with influenza susceptibility in a beagle dog model.

First clinical cases of leishmaniosis in meerkats (Suricata suricatta) housed in wildlife parks in Madrid, Spain.

Background: In recent years, cases of leishmaniosis have been described in animals housed in captivity in zoos in Spain [Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygameus), and European otter (Lutra lutra)]. Some of these zoological parks are in endemic areas for both human and animal leishmaniosis, thus it should be very important to include this zoonosis in the differential diagnosis.

Methods: The study was carried out in two zoological parks in Madrid, Madrid Zoo and Faunia, and analyzed seven meerkats.

Performance of 1-year-old camel calves fed a basal ration of alfalfa hay supplemented with different levels of concentrate.

Background: The use of a high-concentrate diet in fattening camels may have significant effects on growth performance and digestion as well as economic returns. This experiment was designed to study the effects of feeding different levels of concentrate in their diet on growth performance and digestion in a desert climate.

Methods: Eighteen 12-month-old male camel calves were used, and divided into three treatments of six each.