SPTLC3 Is Essential for Complex I Activity and Contributes to Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Dysregulated metabolism of bioactive sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, has been implicated in cardiovascular disease, although the specific species, disease contexts, and cellular roles are not completely understood. Sphingolipids are produced by the serine palmitoyltransferase enzyme, canonically composed of 2 subunits, SPTLC1 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1) and SPTLC2 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2). Noncanonical sphingolipids are produced by a more recently described subunit, SPTLC3 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 3).

Replicate Aptima Assay for Quantifying Residual Plasma Viremia in Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy.

Detection of residual plasma viremia in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed HIV-infected individuals is critical for characterizing the latent reservoir and evaluating the impact of cure interventions. Ultracentrifugation-based single-copy assays are sensitive but labor intensive. Fully automated replicate testing using a standard clinical viral load assay was evaluated as a high-throughput alternative for the quantification of low-level viremia.

2019 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.

The 2019 edition of the IAS-USA drug resistance mutations list updates the Figure last published in January 2017. The mutations listed are those that have been identified by specific criteria for evidence and drugs described. The Figure is designed to assist practitioners in identifying key mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs, and therefore, in making clinical decisions regarding antiretroviral therapy.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.

Background: Contemporary antiretroviral therapies (ART) and management strategies have diminished both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment failure and the acquired resistance to drugs in resource-rich regions, but transmission of drug-resistant viruses has not similarly decreased. In low- and middle-income regions, ART roll-out has improved outcomes, but has resulted in increasing acquired and transmitted resistances. Our objective was to review resistance to ART drugs and methods to detect it, and to provide updated recommendations for testing and monitoring for drug resistance in HIV-infected individuals.

Mucin Expression in the Esophageal Malignant and Pre-malignant States: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Mucins are heavily glycosylated glycoproteins, synthesized by mucosal surfaces and have an important role in healthy state and malignant diseases. Change in mucins synthesis or secretion may be primary event or secondary to inflammation or carcinogenesis.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the current knowledge about mucin expression in esophageal lesions, and to establish a role for different mucin expressions as prognostic markers.

Associations Between Self-Reported Physical Activity and Physical Performance Measures Over Time in Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative.

Objectives: To examine prospective associations between changes in physical activity (PA) and changes in physical performance measures (PPMs) over 6 years in older women.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Forty clinical centers in the United States.

Impact of Calcium on Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions.

We sought to examine the impact of calcific deposits on the outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The outcomes of 1,476 consecutive CTO PCIs performed in 1,453 patients (65.5 ± 10 years, 85% male) between 2012 and 2016 at 11 US centers were evaluated.

2017 Update of the Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1.

The 2017 edition of the IAS-USA drug resistance mutations list updates the figures last published in November 2015. The mutations listed are those that have been identified by specific criteria for evidence and drugs described. The figures are designed to assist practitioners in identifying key mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs and, therefore, in making clinical decisions regarding antiretroviral therapy.

2015 Update of the Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1.

The 2015 edition of the IAS-USA drug resistance mutations list updates the figures last published in July 2014. The mutations listed are those that have been identified by specific criteria for evidence and drugs described. The figures are designed to assist practitioners in identifying key mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs and, therefore, in making clinical decisions regarding antiretroviral therapy.

2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.

This July 2014 edition of the IAS-USA drug resistance mutations list updates the figures last published in March 2013. The following mutations have been added to existing classes or drugs: K65E/N has been added to the bars for the nucleoside and nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTIs) abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, and tenofovir; L100I has been added to the bar for the nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) rilpivirine; and F121Y has been added to the bars for the integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) dolutegravir, elvitegravir, and raltegravir. With regard to protease inhibitors (PIs), it cannot be excluded that drug resistance may be selected for outside the protease encoding region.

Benefits and limitations of testing for resistance to HIV drugs.

Since drug resistance was first described in HIV in 1989, great progress has been made in our understanding of its genetic basis and molecular mechanisms. Despite these advances and the introduction of many new antiretroviral drugs, resistance remains prevalent. The types of drug resistance tests and their relative advantages and disadvantages are reviewed.

MRI of the medial and lateral plantar nerves.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to demonstrate nerve anatomy of the medial plantar (MP) and lateral plantar (LP) nerves and the first branch of the lateral plantar (FBLP) nerve as depicted with MRI.

Method: High resolution MRI of the heel was performed with a standard transmit-receive extremity coil in six human cadaveric specimens using sagittal, axial, and coronal T1-weighted spin echo images. The specimens were then sectioned in the axial and coronal planes.

HIV chemotherapy.

The use of chemotherapy to suppress replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has transformed the face of AIDS in the developed world. Pronounced reductions in illness and death have been achieved and healthcare utilization has diminished. HIV therapy has also provided many new insights into the pathogenesis and the viral and cellular dynamics of HIV infection.