Transoral Laser Microsurgery Versus Radiotherapy for T1-T2 Glottic Cancer with Anterior Commissure Involvement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To identify the most effective treatment modality for achieving favorable outcomes in early glottic tumors with anterior commissure involvement (ACI).

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.

Review Methods: Random-effects proportional meta-analysis model is used to evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) versus radiation therapy (RT) in early glottic (T1-T2) cancer with ACI.

Complications Following Open Versus Minimally Invasive Resection of Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Background And Objectives: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) is commonly treated with open or minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The preferred surgical approach remains unclear. This study sought to assess utilization over time, compare complication rates by surgical approach, and identify predictors of experiencing complications.

Mortality of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to smoking, alcohol, and metabolic risk factors, and its association with socioeconomic development status 2000-2021: GI Cancer Mortality and Risk Factors.

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for one-third of global cancer mortality, with nearly half being preventable. This study updates the global burden of GI cancers attributed to major risk factors: smoking, alcohol, and metabolic disturbances.

Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to examine trends in death and age-standardized death rates related to GI cancers caused by smoking, alcohol, high body mass index (BMI), and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 2000 to 2021.

Sepsis-induced NET formation requires MYD88 but is independent of GSDMD and PAD4.

Neutrophils are peripheral blood-circulating leukocytes that play a pivotal role in host defense against bacterial pathogens which upon activation, they release web-like chromatin structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here, we analyzed and compared the importance of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88), peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), and gasdermin D (GSDMD) for NET formation in vivo following sepsis and neutrophilia challenge. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/E.

Modifying Informed Consent to Help Address Functional Unmasking in Psychedelic Clinical Trials.

Importance: There is unprecedented clinician, industry, and patient interest in the therapeutic development of psychedelic drugs. This is due to a combination of promising clinical trial results, positive media coverage, and the lack of novel pharmacologic treatments for psychiatric disorders in recent decades. However, the field faces a key methodological challenge: masking participants to treatment conditions in psychedelic clinical trials has been largely unsuccessful.

Diuretics in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Diuretic drugs act on electrolyte transporters in the kidney to induce diuresis and are often used in chronic kidney disease (CKD), given that nephron loss creates a deficit in the ability to excrete dietary sodium, which promotes an increase in plasma volume. This rise in plasma volume is exacerbated by CKD-induced systemic and intra-renal activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, which further limits urinary sodium excretion. In the absence of a compensatory decrease in systemic vascular resistance, increases in plasma volume induced by sodium retention can manifest as a rise in systemic arterial blood pressure.

Inhibiting De Novo Biosynthesis of Ceramide by L-Cycloserine Can Prevent Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Albino BALB/c Mice.

Retinal degenerative diseases lead to irreversible vision loss due to photoreceptor cell death, driven by complex genetic and environmental factors. Ceramide, a sphingolipid metabolite, emerges as a critical mediator in the apoptotic cascade associated with retinal degeneration. Our previous work demonstrated L-Cycloserine's ability to protect photoreceptor-derived cells from oxidative stress by inhibiting the de novo ceramide pathway and thus prompting further investigation on its effect in the in vivo retina.

Preliminary study of the upper limb with the use of ultrasound transmission imaging.

A biologically safe, noninvasive method for visualizing bone and soft tissue relationships has been developed recently. Termed the ultrasonic transmission imaging system, its advantages include visualization of soft tissues in real time while motion is underway. The image can be correlated to standard x-ray films, but since no ionizing radiation is involved, repeated risk-free visualization of extremities for either diagnostic assessment or biomechanical studies is permitted.

Cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ crosstalk in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a growing global health concern and its prevalence and severity are increasing steadily. While bacterial endotoxin translocation into the portal circulation is a well-established key factor, recent evidence highlights the critical role of sterile inflammation, triggered by diverse stimuli, in alcohol-induced liver injury. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the complex interactions within the hepatic microenvironment in ALD.

Improving colonoscopy quality in the national VA healthcare system.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention is a Veterans Affairs (VA) priority. Colonoscopy quality, especially adenoma detection rate (ADR), is critical for effective screening. Our research indicates considerable variation in ADR among VA providers.

Klebsiella pneumoniae Glycoconjugate Vaccine Leads Based on Semi-Synthetic O1 and O2ac Antigens.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a common opportunistic pathogen that emerged as a new critical threat to human health, due to its hypervirulence and widespread resistance against many antibiotics, including carbapenems. Alternative intervention strategies such as vaccines are not available. Cell-surface lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are attractive targets for vaccine development.

Clinical Relevance of Computational Pathology Analysis of Interplay Between Kidney Microvasculature and Interstitial Microenvironment.

Background: Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), and density and shape of peritubular capillaries (PTCs), are independently prognostic of disease progression. This study aimed to identify novel digital biomarkers of disease progression and assess the clinical relevance of the interplay between a variety of PTC characteristics and their microenvironment in glomerular diseases.

Methods: A total of 344 NEPTUNE/CureGN participants were included: 112 minimal change disease, 134 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 61 membranous nephropathy, and 37 IgA nephropathy.

Relevance of the Platelet-activating factor system in chemical warfare agents-induced effects.

The threats to chemical warfare-associated agents (CWA), including nitrogen mustard, are increasing, and no direct antidote is currently available to mitigate the deleterious cutaneous and systemic responses to prevent mortality. Though most of these agents act as alkylating agents, a significant knowledge gap exists in the molecular mechanisms of how these vesicants cause toxic effects. Studies, including ours, have shown that exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating stimuli, including alkylating chemotherapeutic agents, and thermal burn injuries with ethanol produce the potent family of lipid mediators, Platelet-activating factor (PAF) agonists that induce local inflammation, and multi-system organ dysfunction (MOD).

Longitudinal Course of Physical and Psychosocial Impairment in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder and Personality-Disordered Comparison Subjects: Description and Prediction.

This study describes the 8-year course of physical and psychosocial impairment in middle-aged patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and other personality disorders (OPD). This study also compares BPD subgroups (recovered vs. nonrecovered) and explores predictors of physical impairment.

Mitigation of AI adoption bias through an improved autonomous AI system for diabetic retinal disease.

Where adopted, Autonomous artificial Intelligence (AI) for Diabetic Retinal Disease (DRD) resolves longstanding racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities, but AI adoption bias persists. This preregistered trial determined sensitivity and specificity of a previously FDA authorized AI, improved to compensate for lower contrast and smaller imaged area of a widely adopted, lower cost, handheld fundus camera (RetinaVue700, Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) to identify DRD in participants with diabetes without known DRD, in primary care. In 626 participants (1252 eyes) 50.

Spectrum of errors in nodule detection and characterization using machine learning: A pictorial essay.

In academic and research settings, computer-aided nodule detection software has been shown to increase accuracy, efficiency, and throughput. However, radiologists need to be familiar with the spectrum of errors that can occur when these algorithms are employed in routine clinical settings. We review the spectrum of errors that may result from computer-aided nodule detection.

Increased mortality from alcohol use disorder, alcohol-associated liver disease, and liver cancer from alcohol among older adults in the United States: 2000 to 2021.

Background: To investigate the trends in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), liver cancer from alcohol, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) burden among older adults in the United States (US).

Methods: We gathered the ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD prevalence, mortality, and age-standardized rates (ASRs) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 between 2010 and 2021. We estimated the annual percent change (APC) with confidence intervals (CIs) for the burden of ALD, liver cancer from alcohol, and AUD in older adults (>70 years) in the United States.

Sex hormone deficiency in male and female mice expressing the Alzheimer's disease-associated risk-factor TREM2 R47H variant impacts the musculoskeletal system in a sex- and genotype-dependent manner.

The R47H variant of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in humans and leads to lower bone mass accrual in female but not male 12-mo-old mice. To determine whether, as with aging, gonadectomy results in sex-specific musculoskeletal effects, gonad removal or SHAM surgery was performed in 4-mo-old TREM2 mice and WT male and female littermates ( = 10-12/group), with sexes analyzed separately. Body weight was lower in males, but higher in females after gonadectomy, independently of their genotype.

A Titin Missense Variant Causes Atrial Fibrillation.

Rare and common genetic variants contribute to the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although ion channels were among the first AF candidate genes identified, rare loss-of-function variants in structural genes such as have also been implicated in AF pathogenesis partly by the development of an atrial myopathy, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. While truncating variants (tvs) have been causally linked to arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy syndromes, the role of missense variants (mvs) remains unclear.

Venous thromboembolism and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies.

Mortality and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are major risks for patients with hematological malignancies. However, they are commonly underrepresented in major clinical trials of VTE. Treatment decisions are further complicated by the unique characteristics they frequently exhibit, such as thrombocytopenia.

Ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 drives escape from mRNA vaccine-induced humoral immunity.

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic 4 years ago, viral sequencing continues to document numerous individual mutations in the viral spike protein across many variants. To determine the ability of vaccine-mediated humoral immunity to combat continued SARS-CoV-2 evolution, we construct a comprehensive panel of pseudoviruses harboring each individual mutation spanning 4 years of the pandemic to understand the fitness cost and resistance benefits of each. These efforts identify numerous mutations that escape from vaccine-induced humoral immunity.