Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The progressive nature of dementia and the complex needs means that people living with dementia require tailored approaches to address their changing care needs over time. These include physical multimorbidity, psychological, behavioural, and cognitive symptoms and possible risks arising from these and helping family caregivers. However, provision of these interventions is highly variable between and within countries, partly due to uncertainty about their efficacy and scarce resources.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Data from high-income countries (HICs) suggest a decline in age-specific incidence rates of dementia. However, this has happened primarily in HICs, with low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) facing two main challenges: a higher burden of risk factors and, in general, a faster ageing population. Most people with dementia live in LMICs, and this is set to increase, thus requiring urgent and robust action to prevent, treat and support people with dementia and their families.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The 2020 Lancet Commission on dementia prevention, intervention and care estimated that up to 40% of dementia cases could be prevented by tackling 12 potentially modifiable risk factors, namely less education, hearing loss, hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, social isolation, excessive alcohol consumption, air pollution, smoking, obesity, traumatic brain injury, depression. As more evidence on risk factors emerges, the Lancet standing commission on dementia met to update evidence on established dementia risk factors and to consider the evidence for other risk factors.

Method: We used a lifecourse approach to understand how to reduce risk or prevent dementia, as many risks operate at different timepoints in the lifespan.

Adherence to guidelines for incidental pulmonary nodules: insights from a Nordic survey.

Background And Purpose: There is limited data on the real-world management of incidental pulmonary nodules (IPN). In this article, we review current practices and adherence to international guidelines in the Nordic countries.

Materials And Methods: This non-interventional, observational survey study based on an online survey consisting of 13 questions.

Machine-learning methodologies to predict disease progression in chronic hepatitis B in Africa.

Background: Little is known about the determinants of disease progression among African patients with chronic HBV infection.

Methods: We used machine-learning models with longitudinal data to establish predictive algorithms in a well-characterized cohort of Ethiopian HBV-infected patients without baseline liver fibrosis. Disease progression was defined as an increase in liver stiffness to >7.

Benzodiazepine agonist treatment for patients with benzodiazepine dependence undergoing opioid agonist treatment: a study protocol for the randomized controlled trial BMX-BAR.

Background: There is a lack of knowledge on effective treatment methods for comorbid benzodiazepine dependence in populations undergoing opioid agonist treatment (OAT). Tapering and discontinuation of benzodiazepines has long been considered the standard treatment, even though there is limited evidence for this practice. There is also limited research on benzodiazepine agonist treatment; however, peer and clinical experiences indicate that such approaches may be beneficial for a subgroup of the patients with long-lasting benzodiazepine dependence not responding to other treatment approaches.

Opportunities and Challenges of Chatbots in Ophthalmology: A Narrative Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly influential in ophthalmology, particularly through advancements in machine learning, deep learning, robotics, neural networks, and natural language processing (NLP). Among these, NLP-based chatbots are the most readily accessible and are driven by AI-based large language models (LLMs). These chatbots have facilitated new research avenues and have gained traction in both clinical and surgical applications in ophthalmology.

Falls in Persons with Cognitive Impairment-Incidence and Characteristics of the Fallers.

The annual incidence of falls is high in older adults with impaired cognitive function and dementia, and injuries have a detrimental effect on disability-adjusted life-years and public health spending. In this registry-based study, fall incidence and characteristics of the fallers were explored in a large population with cognitive impairment. : NorCog, "The Norwegian Registry of Persons Assessed for Cognitive Symptoms", is a national research and quality registry with a biomaterial collection.

Sense of coherence, subjective burden, and anxiety and depression symptoms in caregivers of people with dementia: Causal dynamics unveiled by a longitudinal cohort study in Europe.

Background: Sense of coherence (SOC) is a disposition to perceive things as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful. Lower SOC is associated with subjective burden and psychological morbidity in family caregivers, including in dementia. However, the evidence-base mainly comprises small-scale or cross-sectional studies.

Brief Outpatient Rehabilitation Program for Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is emerging as a common and debilitating condition with few treatment options.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a brief outpatient rehabilitation program based on a cognitive and behavioral approach for patients with PCC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Patients with mild to moderate PCC were randomized 1:1 to an established transdiagnostic rehabilitation program or care as usual at a single referral center recruiting from the region of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.

Low Surgery Rates in Early Crohn's Disease: Results from a Prospective Population-Based Inception Cohort-The Inflammatory Bowel Disease in South-Eastern Norway III Study.

Background And Aims: The emergence of biologic therapy has coincided with a decline in surgery rates for Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to describe the disease course, including intra-abdominal surgery rates, biologic therapy use, and variables associated with biologic therapy initiation in a cohort of newly diagnosed CD patients.

Methods: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease in South-Eastern Norway (IBSEN) III study is a population-based inception cohort study.

Corrigendum to 'Hand grip strength and risk of incident venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø study': [Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2022 Nov 4;6/7 e12833].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12833.

Screening and Following Up Harmful Alcohol Use "… is Not Necessarily Your Primary Focus": A Qualitative Study Exploring Health Professionals' Experiences Addressing Harmful Alcohol Use in a Norwegian Hospital.

Introduction: Alcohol use remains a leading cause of excess mortality and morbidity worldwide, and identifying and following up harmful alcohol use represents a key component of alcohol harm reduction policies. This article explores health professionals' experiences implementing these policies in a Norwegian hospital.

Aim: To explore health professionals' views and experiences of systematic screening and tailored follow-up of harmful and hazardous alcohol use in a Norwegian hospital.

Efficacy of intravitreal faricimab therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is an aneurismal type of macular neovascularization that show similarities with age-related macular degeneration and diseases that are part of the pachychoroid disease spectrum. Exudative changes in PCV can be treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy; however, a combination therapy with photodynamic therapy may be required. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the efficacy of faricimab for PCV.

Fatigue in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission one year after diagnosis (the IBSEN III study).

Background And Aims: Fatigue is commonly observed in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), but its association to achieving remission is not clearly established. In this study we describe the odds for fatigue in patients with CD/UC one year after diagnosis based on different definitions of remission and identified factors associated with chronic fatigue (CF) among patients in endoscopic/radiological remission.

Methods: Patients ≥18 years with CD/UC were recruited from the IBSEN III cohort.

Nurses' experience of advance care planning in home care services for elderly people: A qualitative study.

Aim: This study explores nurses' experience and reflections on the use of advance care planning (ACP) for older adult patients in home care services.

Method: The study employs an explorative qualitative design. Five focus groups with 21 nurses in home care services were conducted and analyzed using content analysis.

Impact of the Valsalva manoeuvre on the choroid: A systematic review with meta-analyses.

A variety of daily activities can intentionally or unintentionally cause the Valsalva manoeuvre, which induces a physiological response of elevated peripheral venous pressure. Studies have speculated that it may ultimately affect the choroidal anatomy. This is particularly important from a clinical point-of-view since patients occasionally hold their breath while undergoing macular optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Choosing Treatment with Extended-Release Naltrexone: A 6-Month Naturalistic Study.

Introduction: The treatment efficacy of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for opioid use disorder (OUD) has been demonstrated in several studies, but not in naturalistic settings where opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is freely accessible. This study aimed to examine the different treatment outcomes of XR-NTX in a setting where the participants freely chose XR-NTX as a treatment option instead of OAT.

Methods: This was a 24-week open-label clinical prospective cohort study conducted in an outpatient setting at five hospitals in Norway.

A core capability framework for physiotherapists to deliver quality care when working with people living with dementia and their families/caregivers: an international modified e-Delphi study.

Objective: What are the core capabilities physiotherapists need to deliver quality care when working with people with dementia and their families/caregivers?

Design: A three-round modified e-Delphi study.

Participants: Panel members were physiotherapists experienced in working with people with dementia and/or educating and/or researching in the dementia field.

Methods: A steering group (16 international physiotherapists and a consumer) developed a draft framework including 129 core capabilities across 5 domains for panel members to rate their appropriateness for inclusion as a core capability to provide high quality care to people with dementia and their caregivers/families.