Urinary tract infections among under-five children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract in hospitalized patients in Addis Ababa.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are significant clinical concerns in children. Children who have UTIs are also at risk of developing long-term complications, notably kidney disease and scarring UTIs. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of urinary tract infection and its determinants among under-five children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract in Addis Ababa.

ChatGPT-4o's performance on pediatric Vesicoureteral reflux.

Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common congenital or acquired urinary disorder in children. Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is an artificial intelligence-driven platform offering medical information. This research aims to assess the reliability and readability of ChatGPT-4o's answers regarding pediatric VUR for general, non-medical audience.

Adherence to the Swedish paediatric guidelines for urinary tract infections.

Aim: To audit adherence to the Swedish paediatric guidelines for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants. Secondary objectives were to compare findings on imaging performed according to the guidelines with imaging without guideline support and to identify predictors of non-adherence.

Methods: A prospective multicentre study of infants <1 year treated at paediatric hospitals for their first UTI.

Effect of overnight bladder drainage on posterior urethral valve sequelae: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Posterior urethral valves may lead to persistent hydronephrosis (HN) and bladder dysfunction despite successful endoscopic valve ablation (EVA).

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of overnight bladder drainage (OBD) on upper urinary tracts and bladders of boys post EVA.

Materials And Methods: Boys who had persistent HN after EVA were included.

Transitional outcomes of adults who underwent Cohen ureteroneocystostomy for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux as children.

Objective: To analyze the transitional outcomes of children who underwent Cohen ureteroneocystostomy(UNC) due to vesicoureteral reflux(VUR).

Methods: Files of patients who underwent UNC between January 2003 and December 2013 and had>10 years of follow-up were retrospectively reviewed.Demographic and clinical data before surgery were noted.

Sonographic Diagnosis of Urinary Transport Disorders in Childhood.

Urinary transport disorders are among the most common congenital diseases in childhood. Congenital malformations of the urinary tract can cause bacterial urinary tract infections as early as in infancy and early childhood. Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections in children, and when pyelonephritis is present, the entire urinary tract should always be examined by sonography.

Smooth Muscle Mechanosensitivity Generates and Maintains Pressure Gradients Across the Intestine.

Background: The gut, the ureter, or the Fallopian tube all transport biological fluids by generating trains of propagating smooth muscle constrictions collectively known as peristalsis. These tubes connect body compartments at different pressures. We extend here Poiseuille's experiments on liquid flow in inert tubes to an active, mechanosensitive tube: the intestine.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Urinary Tract Infections in Paediatric Hydronephrosis: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Paediatric hydronephrosis frequently necessitates surgical intervention. However, postoperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and challenging. This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify UTI risk factors following an operation for paediatric hydronephrosis.

A comparative study on the efficacy of laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy versus single ureteral bladder reimplantation in treating pediatric complete renal duplication.

Objective: To explore the therapeutic value of laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy compared to single ureteral bladder reimplantation in the treatment of pediatric complete renal duplication.

Methods: This retrospective study included 80 pediatric patients with complete renal duplication who underwent surgical treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical approach: the laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy group (LUU group, n = 45) and the single ureteral bladder reimplantation group (UR group, n = 35).

Pathophysiology of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Comprehensive Review.

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a broad range of diseases with differing mechanisms, clinical presentations, and prognoses. With an estimated prevalence of between 4 and 60 per 10,000 births, CAKUT represents a sizable number of patients for pediatric and adult nephrologists as therapies have progressed, allowing longer life spans. Many CAKUT disorders are associated with genetic mutations, and with advances in genomic sequencing, these genes are being identified at an increasing rate.

Subureteric injection for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in transplant kidneys.

Introduction: Treatment of de novo vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) into the transplanted kidney constitutes a clinical challenge. Herein, we present our data on patients who underwent endoscopic subureteric injection for the treatment of VUR following renal transplantation (RT) in our center.

Methods: The patients who underwent endoscopic subureteric injection for VUR into the transplanted kidney after RT in our department between 2008 and 2023 were reviewed retrospectively.

Clinical characteristics of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children with an allergic constitution.

Objectives: This study was designed to compare the clinical data of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children with and without an allergic constitution.

Methods: The clinical data of patients hospitalized with VUR due to a urinary tract infection (UTI) between September 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: an anallergic constitution group (AC group) and a non-allergic constitution (NAC group), and their UTIs and VUR were compared at baseline and during the follow-up period.

Upper tract dilation is an independent risk factor for febrile UTI in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Background: Children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), particularly high-grade VUR, are known to be at increased risk for urinary tract infection (UTI). Current guidelines highlight certain clinical factors in the management of children with VUR; however, the clinical utility of upper tract dilation in the setting of VUR remains unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate risk factors for febrile UTI (fUTI) in children with primary VUR in a modern cohort with emphasis on upper tract dilation parameters, including hydronephrosis and hydroureter.

Effect of early tethered cord release on urodynamic findings and lower urinary tract function in myelomeningocele patients.

Objective: Detecting neurological deterioration and diagnosing tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in patients with myelomeningocele (MMC) can be challenging due to the presence of symptoms at birth and the lack of objective indicators. This retrospective analysis focused on urological manifestations and evaluated whether tethered cord release (TCR) for TCS at an early stage could improve or stabilize video urodynamic study (VUDS) findings and lower urinary tract function.

Methods: This study analyzed 55 of 64 children who underwent MMC repair at Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan, between 2003 and 2016.