Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance among children in the world health organization regions between 2000 and 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The infection is typically acquired in childhood and persists throughout life. The major impediment to successful therapy is antibiotic resistance.

The Acquisition of Cardiovascular Adaptation to Aerobic Exercise: When Does It Begin and How Does It Evolve Depending on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors?

The acquisition and evolution of cardiovascular (CV) adaptation to physical activity or exercise training are critical in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and reducing CV disease (CVD) risk. CV adaptations to exercise occur through structural, functional, and molecular changes that enhance cardiac efficiency. These adaptations, such as increased stroke volume, improved blood pressure regulation, and enhanced endothelial function, collectively reduce CVD morbidity and mortality.

snRNA-seq stratifies multiple sclerosis patients into distinct white matter glial responses.

Poor understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of clinical and genetic heterogeneity in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) has hindered the search for new effective therapies. To address this gap, we analyzed 632,000 single-nucleus RNA sequencing profiles from 156 brain tissue samples of MS and control donors to examine inter- and intra-donor heterogeneity. We found distinct cell type-specific gene expression changes between MS gray and white matter, highlighting clear pathology differences.

Benralizumab: from tissue distribution to eosinophilic cytotoxicity up to potential immunoregulation.

Introduction: Benralizumab, a monoclonal IgG antibody, has emerged as a key therapeutic agent in severe asthma by specifically targeting eosinophils, pivotal cells that drive inflammation and tissue damage. Over the past two decades, the availability of such targeted therapies has allowed patients to achieve better disease control. Real-world evidence has consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of benralizumab in managing severe asthma.

Bradyarrhythmias in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source: a tight relationship with atrial cardiomyopathy.

Background: Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) have been shown to significantly improve the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). The incidence and characterization of bradyarrhythmias in this subset of patients is still unknown.

Methods: All consecutive patients who received ILRs, after an ESUS, between March 2015 and December 2022 in our Center were retrospectively enrolled and analyzed.

Hemadsorption with CytoSorb®: focus on the latest experiences in cardiac surgery patients.

Cardiac surgery patients are potentially exposed to an acute inflammatory host response with a huge release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines both through intrinsic (e.g., tissue damage, endothelial injury) and extrinsic (e.

Tracing carriage, acquisition, and transmission of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli over two years in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: The impact of community carriage on the influx of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) into hospitals remains understudied. In this prospective 2-year single-centre study, we investigate the community ESBL-E influx and trace the colonisation, nosocomial acquisition, transmission, and infection dynamics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) in non-ICU wards at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This study reports primary and post hoc outcomes of the clinical trial NCT01208519 in which hospitalised patients were screened for rectal carriage of ESBL-E.

Hymenoptera venom allergy in children.

From a taxonomic point of view, Hymenoptera are subclassified into families: Apidae, including honeybees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus), and Vespidae, which, in turn, are divided into the subfamilies of Vespinae (wasps, including hornets, vespules, dolichovespules) and Polistinae (paper wasp). Hypersensitivity to Hymenoptera venom can be linked to immunological (IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated) and non-immunological mechanisms. Reactions are classified into local reactions, large local reactions, systemic reactions, toxic reactions, and unusual reactions.

Large, protracted, multispecies and multiclonal spread of VIM-type Metallo-ß-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in an Italian Hospital.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, particularly those producing carbapenemases (CPE), pose a major threat to human health, being listed among critical-priority resistant pathogens by the World Health Organization.

Aim: In this study we report on a large nosocomial spread of CPE of different species producing VIM-type carbapenemases, and on the infection prevention and control measures thata were adopted to contrast the spread.

Methods: Conventional culture and molecular methods were used for detection and identification of VIM-positive CPE (VIM-CPE) causing infections or colonizing patients or present in environmental specimens.

Strength, Rate of Force Development, and Force Control Evaluations to Quantify Upper-Limbs Asymmetries Agreement in Professional Male Volleyball Players.

D'Emanuele, S, Boccia, G, Zardo, V, Durigon, V, Schena, F, and Tarperi, C. Strength, rate of force development, and force control evaluations to quantify upper-limbs asymmetries agreement in professional male volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Asymmetries are known to vary based on the nature of the sport and differ between individuals and the tests used.

Regional disparities in the management and outcomes of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an Italian analysis focusing on time-dependent reperfusion networks and in-hospital logistics.

Background: Prompt reperfusion is critical for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to improve outcomes. Yet, variability in regional healthcare delivery may influence treatment times and patient outcomes. We thus aimed at evaluating differences in management and outcomes of STEMI patients across Northern, Central, and Southern Italy, focusing on time-dependent reperfusion and in-hospital logistics.

Assessment of ComBat Harmonization Performance on Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurements.

Data aggregation across multiple research centers is gaining importance in the context of MRI research, driving diverse high-dimensional datasets to form large-scale heterogeneous sample, increasing statistical power and relevance of machine learning and deep learning algorithm. Site-related effects have been demonstrated to introduce bias in MRI features and confound subsequent analyses. Although Combating Batch (ComBat) technique has been recently reported to successfully harmonize multi-scale neuroimaging features, its performance assessments are still limited and largely based on qualitative visualizations and statistical analyses.

The acute phase management of traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) with polytrauma: A narrative review.

Introduction: Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is frequently observed in polytrauma patients.

Research Question: What is the optimal strategy to manage tSCI in the setting of polytrauma?

Material And Methods: This narrative review focuses on: 1) extraspinal damage control surgery and resuscitation, 2) the perioperative protection of the injured spine during emergency surgery, 3) imaging and timing of spinal surgery in polytrauma, 4) early interventions for skin, bowel and bladder, and 5) the multidisciplinary approach to tSCI polytrauma patients.

Results: Damage control resuscitation (DCR) and damage control surgery (DCS), aim to prevent/correct post-traumatic physiological derangements to minimize bleeding until definitive hemostasis is achieved.

Tele-neuropsychological multidomain assessment in Italian people with cognitive disorders: Reliability and user satisfaction.

Background: Tele-neuropsychology has already been employed in neurocognitive disorders, however, in Italy, the evidence of its psychometric quality and satisfaction is still limited.

Objective: This study aimed to: (1) evaluate the reliability of a standardized battery of neuropsychological screening and domain-specific tests delivered at home via videoconference to a sample of Italian people with cognitive disorders, compared with traditional face-to-face administration; (2) assess the feasibility and satisfaction about remote administration.

Methods: This crossover study enrolled patients with subjective cognitive disorder, mild neurocognitive disorder, or dementia.

Advancing public health through technological rehabilitation: insights from a national clinician survey.

Introduction: In the evolving healthcare landscape, technology has emerged as a key component in enhancing system efficiency and offering new avenues for patient rehabilitation. Despite its growing importance, detailed information on technology's specific use, types, and applications in clinical rehabilitation settings, particularly within the Italian framework, remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the use of technology and its needs by Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation medical doctors in Italy.

Upscaling drought resilience by coupling soil data and UAV-multispectral imageries.

Monitoring crop responses to drought is crucial for understanding the progressive impact of drought on food production and identifying management practices that can enhance agricultural resilience. This study combined drone-based multispectral data (MD) with laboratory determination over multiple pilot farms to identify the main soil physical and chemical parameters correlated with a crop health index (SVI- Standardized Vegetation Index), which compares the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at the observed time to historical (NDVI at similar dates in previous years) values. Significant relationships were found between MD and selected soil properties for different crops.

Clinical trial eligibility in PSP: Population representativeness and potential criteria adjustment based on PSP-NET findings.

Background: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare, heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease for which no treatment is currently available. In the context of clinical trials, the representativeness of the included patients is crucial for the generalizability of the results. Herein, we present results from a multicenter perspective study to identify the most restrictive criteria for patient selection and to assess the representativeness of eligible patients.

A visual scale to rate amygdalar atrophy on MRI.

Background: Visual rating scales are routinely used in clinical radiology to assess brain atrophy on scans of patients with suspected neurodegenerative conditions. Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) has recently been described, featuring early and severe atrophy of the amygdala. However, there is currently no scoring system specifically designed to assess amygdalar atrophy on MRI.

Days at Home After Cancer Surgery: Impact of Area Deprivation and Association with Long-Term Outcomes.

Background: Poor infrastructure in deprived areas may hinder access to health care, and a lack of socioeconomic resources can prevent patients from remaining at home after discharge. This study sought to assess the association between the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and days at home within 90 days (DAH-90) after a complex operative procedure.

Methods: Patients who underwent an elective operation for a gastrointestinal cancer between 2016 and 2020 were identified from the Medicare Standard Analytic Files.

In vitro activity and genomic characterization of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical blood culture isolates resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam: an Italian nationwide multicentre observational study (2022-23).

Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam and comparators against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) clinical isolates collected from a multicentre study in Italy (2022-23) and genomic characterization of the molecular mechanisms causing resistance.

Methods: Consecutive KPC-Kp isolates from blood cultures (n = 264) were collected from 14 hospital centres in the period 2022-23. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution.

Supervised home-based exercise program in kidney transplant recipients: A pilot pragmatic non-randomized study.

Background: Although the benefits of exercise for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have been widely demonstrated, these patients experience several barriers in undertaking a structured exercise program in hospital and non-hospital facilities.

Aim: To compare the effects of a supervised moderate-intensity gym-based intervention with a home-based low-intensity walking program on exercise capacity in KTRs.

Methods: KTRs were asked to choose between two six-month programs.

Computational deconvolution of cell type-specific gene expression in COPD and IPF lungs reveals disease severity associations.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are debilitating diseases associated with divergent histopathological changes in the lungs. At present, due to cost and technical limitations, profiling cell types is not practical in large epidemiology cohorts (n > 1000). Here, we used computational deconvolution to identify cell types in COPD and IPF lungs whose abundances and cell type-specific gene expression are associated with disease diagnosis and severity.