Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) Compared to Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) for Primary Inguinal Hernia Repair in a Military Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Inguinal hernias are encountered commonly, but there is a lack of uniformity and standardization in repair techniques. There are a variety of repair methods, from open methods to laparoscopic approaches. The available laparoscopic techniques that exist for inguinal hernia repair are transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair.

Clinical Profile of Thoracoscopic Bullectomy in Treatment of Pneumothorax.

Background: In pneumothorax patients requiring surgery for various indications, thoracotomy was the traditional approach until the advent of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. In the last decade, role of thoracoscopy in the surgical management of pneumothorax has been consolidated and established. In this study, we aim to report our experience of thoracoscopy in the surgical management of pneumothorax.

Aspirin Desensitization and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in a Patient with Aspirin Hypersensitivity and Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case Report.

Hypersensitivity to aspirin is rare disorder occurring in 1.88% of the patients. Aspirin-hypersensitive patients requiring single antiplatelet agent may be treated with clopidogrel, an alternative antiplatelet agent.

Navigating diagnostic challenges in xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: A case report.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) presents a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity and varied clinical manifestations and nonspecific radiological findings. We here describe a 67-year-old man with right hypochondriac pain, where imaging revealed irregular thickening of the gallbladder wall, prompting consideration of various differential diagnoses including gallbladder malignancy, adenomyomatosis, and complicated cholecystitis. With inconclusive lab results, cholecystectomy with potential extended hepatectomy was advised.

Nontraditional Lipid Parameters as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Nepalese Women.

Background: The use of nontraditional lipid parameters for assessing clinical conditions is emerging; however, no study has identified thresholds for those parameters for the identification of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The present study aimed to establish the thresholds of nontraditional lipid parameters and test its ability to identify CVD risk factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study in women ( = 369, age: 46 ± 13 years, body mass index (BMI): 26.

Publication Status of Theses among Post-graduate Students in Nursing from Institute of Medicine.

Background: Publication of the research work done during the master's program is highly desirable. However, there is a paucity of data on the number of publications, especially from low-income countries. The objective was to find out the status of the publication of the theses of post-graduate students in Nursing from the Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal from 2015-2019.

A pea in a peculiar place: Unusual case of left upper lobe bronchial foreign body.

Key Clinical Message: Foreign body aspiration is common in old age, sometimes lodged in unusual locations like the left upper lobe bronchus when aspiration happens in a recumbent position. Computed tomography is the preferred diagnostic tool, while flexible bronchoscopy is effective for removing the foreign body.

Abstract: Tracheo-bronchial foreign body aspiration (FBA) is common in children and elderly, but often goes unnoticed due to vague symptoms and atypical imaging findings.

Postprocedural infection rate after minor surgical procedures performed with and without sterile gloves: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Postprocedural infection has been a top priority for the perioperative team. The use of sterile gloves to counter this became popular and was routinely used, but randomized studies have shown that the benefit that was thought to be added by the use of sterile gloves is insignificant and that not all procedures require the use of sterile gloves.

Methods: Prospective protocol registration was and electronic databases were searched without using any search filters.

Pericardial hydatid cyst: A comprehensive case report on diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention in a young patient.

Pericardial hydatid cysts, although rare, present unique diagnostic challenges and require a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. This parasitic infection, caused by larvae, typically affects the liver and lungs but can manifest in the pericardium, leading to potentially life-threatening complications if untreated. The 22-year-old female's escalating dyspnea posed diagnostic challenges despite inconclusive echocardiography.

Migrated subcutaneous sharp foreign body in the anterior chest wall: An unusual presentation.

Key Clinical Message: Migration of any foreign body can cause potentially life threatening complications and should be reviewed by a multidisciplinary approach for the management. Diagnosis can be challenging; a history of foreign body injury could be suspicious.

Abstract: Foreign body injury to the chest wall can be an emergency situation and require a multidisciplinary approach for the management of the condition.

Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronaries (MINOCA) following rabies postexposure prophylaxis: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: This case underscores the importance of considering myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) in patients experiencing acute chest pain following rabies vaccination, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and further research into the association between MINOCA and Rabies vaccination.

Abstract: Rabies is a vaccine-preventable deadly viral disease prevalent in Asia and Africa that causes thousands of deaths annually. Rabies pre (PrEP) and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is highly effective in annulling rabies-associated deaths.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in a 52-year-old patient with porcelain aorta and calcified coronaries: A case report.

Porcelain aorta, characterized by extensive calcification of the aortic wall is often associated with coronary calcification. It can pose an increased risk of thromboembolic complications during interventional and surgical procedures. We present a case of a 52-year-old female, a chronic smoker with dyslipidemia with complaints of exertional chest pain for past 6 months.

Use of antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study among stakeholders in Nepal.

The COVID-19 pandemic was a major public health threat and the pressure to find curative therapies was tremendous. Particularly in the early critical phase of the pandemic, a lot of empirical treatments, including antimicrobials, were recommended. Drawing on interviews with patients, clinicians and drug dispensers, this article explores the use of antimicrobials for the management of COVID-19 in Nepal.

Effect of menstrual status on lipid profile: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.

The ovarian follicular cell's degradation and subsequent decrease in the synthesis of estrogen results in the decreased cardiovascular protection. As a result, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases in postmenopausal women and is characterized by change in lipid profile. This study sought to ascertain the extent of the impact that menstrual status might have on lipid profiles among premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Effect of ABCA1-R219K Polymorphism in Serum Lipid Parameters in Patients under Statin Therapy Visiting Tertiary Cardiac Center of Nepal.

 ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) encoded by ABCA1 gene is one of the important protein involved in lipid metabolism. The effect of statin therapy on dyslipidemia varies among individuals and it may be due to different genetic polymorphism. The R219K polymorphism of ABCA1 gene is found to have a significant role in the response of statin.

Risk factors, lab parameters, angiographic characteristics and outcomes of coronary artery disease in young South Asian patients: a systematic review.

This systematic review provides a qualitative summary of the risk factors, angiographic characteristics, treatment, and complications of young South Asians with coronary artery disease (CAD). PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched to identify research articles published between 1 January 2010 and 13 November 2022. Studies in patients aged 18 to 45 years that were conducted in South Asian countries, were published in the English language, and included information on patients' clinical profiles and at least two risk factors for young CAD were included in the review.

Aspergillus Coinfection in a Hydatid Cyst Cavity of Lung in an Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Aspergilloma (a saprophytic infection) typically colonizes lung cavities due to underlying diseases such as tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, cavitary lung cancer, sarcoidosis, and pulmonary infarctions. Rarely, aspergilloma has been noted within a hydatid cyst. Even if this was the case, it is more common to find the coexistence of aspergilloma and pulmonary echinococcal cysts in immunocompromised individuals.

Changes in Electrocardiogram in Patients With Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are frequently reported findings in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We conducted a retrospective descriptive study to assess the prevalence of electrocardiographic changes in patients with non-traumatic SAH.  Methods In this single-center retrospective cross-sectional study, ECG recordings of 45 patients who presented to Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in the year 2019 with SAH were collected and analyzed to detect any abnormalities.

Review of current status of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in Nepal: An analysis from collection of institutional database.

Objective: Data collected from various institutions around the country was analyzed to assess the current status of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the country.

Methods: We collected data from institutions performing cardiovascular and thoracic surgery from all over the country through direct correspondence for the year 2019. Individual institution data on the number of surgeries performed for cardiac, vascular, and thoracic surgery and its outcome in terms of mortality were compiled.

A Rare Coexistence of Simultaneous Cardio-Cerebral Infarction.

Background: Contemporaneous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS), termed cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI), is a rare medical emergency. The effectual management of this situation is exigent since early management of one condition will inevitably delay the other. .