2,451 results match your criteria: "Vascular Malformations of the Spinal Cord"

Introduction: Spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (SCAVM) are rare congenital vascular malformations, characterized by two or more AVMs affecting any of the spinal segments. SCAVM has complex pathophysiology and may be associated with acute, or progressively neurological deficits.

Case Presentation: A 12-year old girl, presented with progressive neurologic deficits secondary to compressive cervical myelopathy due to a cervical metameric SCAVM.

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Cavernous malformations are low-flow fragile vascular lesions prone to extralesional bleeding that can occur in the cerebral hemispheres, the brainstem, or the spinal cord. This paper reports the case of a 32-year-old right-handed man with acute-onset headaches associated with right-sided tinnitus, right-sided hemianesthesia, and binocular diplopia related to cranial nerve IV palsy. Neuroimaging displayed left-sided isolated cavernous malformation of the inferior tectal plate, with evidence of extralesional bleeding.

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Presentation of lumbar intramedullary cavernous hemangioma by spindle-shaped hematoma sign on the spinal MRI: a case report.

J Med Case Rep

November 2024

Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, No.5, Three Lanes East Road, Taiyuan, 030000, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Cavernous hemangioma is a rare congenital vascular lesion primarily found in the brain but can also occur in the spinal cord, as illustrated by a case involving a 34-year-old Chinese man with lumbar intramedullary cavernous hemangioma.
  • The patient experienced lumbar intramedullary hemorrhage detected via MRI, and although he received conservative treatment with mannitol, there was no significant improvement in his condition.
  • Surgical removal of the hematomas ultimately led to an improvement in the patient’s symptoms, highlighting the importance of considering lumbar intramedullary cavernous hemangioma in cases of early spinal cord hemorrhage with specific MRI findings.
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Article Synopsis
  • Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae (sDAVF) are common vascular malformations in the spine, necessitating surgical intervention to prevent neurological issues, but there’s limited research comparing surgical methods.
  • A systematic review analyzed various surgical techniques used to treat sDAVF and found variability in approaches, with single-level laminectomy being the most common.
  • The study identified 16 significant open questions regarding surgical methods and the need for further research to improve treatment standards and techniques.
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[Cavernous hemangioma of the cauda equina: A case report].

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc

July 2024

Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Especialidades "Manuel Ávila Camacho", Servicio de Neurocirugía. Puebla, Puebla, México.

Background: Cavernous hemangiomas are vascular malformations formed by groups of dilated sinusoids, organized in channels with a single layer of endothelium. Cavernous hemangiomas represent only 3% of all intradural lesions, and of these 5-12 % correspond to spinal cord lesions and those of the cauda equina are rare.

Clinic Case: A 57 years-old male patient is presented , without history of radiotherapy, who showed low back pain and contracture of the dorsal and paraspinal muscle during 6 months, evaluated in another hospital and diagnosed with a lumbar disc herniation, he was managed with analgesics and physiotherapy for two months, however the theraphy failed, the symptoms worsened and dysesthesias appeared in the gluteal and perianal region, with reduction of strength in both legs with predominance in the left leg, as well bladder sphincter dysfunction .

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Aim: A rare and diverse set of abnormalities formed by spinal blood arteries known as spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has a higher risk of hemorrhage and morbidity, causing the shunting of blood from veins with an aberrant capillary bed to arteries. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy of spinal AVMs and the spinal cord's vascular supply is crucial to its therapy. The aim of this study was to report a case of SAVM healing after surgical excision, highlighting the importance of surgical excision in treating these rare lesions.

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Comparative microanatomy and histology of spinal and cerebral veins: Implications for dural arteriovenous fistula clinical presentations.

Tissue Cell

December 2024

Laboratory of Anatomy, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, Bordeaux, France; Neurosurgery Department A, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, Bordeaux, France.

Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) that display cortical venous drainage are at risk of hemorrhage, unlike spinal DAVFs, which seldom bleed. The underlying mechanism for this difference is poorly understood. We hypothesized that cerebral veins are more fragile than spinal veins due to differences in histologic compositions.

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Cavernous malformations (CMs) of the central nervous system (CNS) are vascular anomalies characterized by clusters of dilated, thin-walled blood vessels prone to leakage and hemorrhage. These malformations can occur throughout the CNS, including the brain and spinal cord, and present with a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic cases to severe neurological deficits. Advances in neuroimaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have greatly improved the diagnosis and understanding of CMs, enabling more precise differentiation from other vascular lesions.

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Intramedullary cavernous malformation: A case report.

Radiol Case Rep

November 2024

Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.

Cavernous malformations are rare vascular anomalies of the central nervous system, occurring in the spinal cord in just 5% of cases. Despite being documented in the literature, intramedullary cavernous malformations are exceedingly rare and often challenging to distinguish from other intramedullary lesions. We report a case of a 42-year-old patient with back pain, right-sided dysesthesias, and impaired proprioception in the distal limbs for approximately 3 months.

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Background: Transarterial embolization (TAE) is generally the endovascular treatment of choice for tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF). Although flow control of the feeder vessel has been reported to achieve complete shunt blockade, flow control in the absence of ischemia tolerance of internal carotid artery as a feeder has not been reported. We present a case in which treatment by Onyx TAE with intermittent flow control of the meningohypophyseal trunk as the feeder was successful for a tentorial dAVF presenting with myelopathy without tolerance of ischemia.

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Background: Spinal cavernomas (SCs) account for about 5% of all spinal vascular malformations. Intradural SCs occur in just 3% of cases and are typically intramedullary.

Case Description: A 58-year-old female presented with progressive left occipital neuralgia, left cervicobrachial neuralgia, and paresthesia of all four extremities.

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Article Synopsis
  • - This study explores using the C1 nerve root as a key surgical guide for identifying the shunting point of craniocervical junction spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (CCJ-SDAVF) during surgery, based on data from 7 patients treated from January 2017 to June 2023.
  • - Of the 7 patients, most (71.4%) were male, and all showed complete obliteration of the CCJ-SDAVFs post-surgery, with follow-up assessments revealing no recurrences within two years.
  • - The findings suggest that interrupting CCJ-SDAVFs surgically yields high success rates and good functional recovery for most patients, emphasizing the importance of identifying the C1 nerve
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Background/aim: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a rare but serious condition, accounting for less than 1% of spinal lesions, with an incidence of 0.1 per 100,000 annually. Discovered by Jackson in 1869, around 40-50% of SSEH cases often lack a definitive cause, though risk factors, such as anticoagulant usage, vascular malformations, and hypertension are recognized.

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Article Synopsis
  • Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCM) is a genetic disorder affecting a small percentage of the population and is characterized by vascular irregularities in the brain and spinal cord; the study discovered two new mutations that disrupt important protein functions.* -
  • The research analyzed a group of Brazilian CCM patients to identify genetic variations and their potential effects on disease progression, using a combination of genetic sequencing and structural analysis tools.* -
  • The findings revealed multiple mutations, demonstrated significant changes in protein structure potentially linked to pathogenesis, and highlighted a wide range of symptoms among patients, although no significant differences were found in clinical characteristics based on the newly identified mutations.*
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The Foix-Alajouanine syndrome was originally reported by these authors in 1926, as rapidly progressive vasculitis on the background of a viral infection. The pathology was represented by the huge, more than 10 times, dilation either of the lumen, or the walls of the spinal vessels, either of the arteries, or the veins. There were no signs of thrombosis, no malformations.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A case study involved a woman in her 70s who experienced neck issues due to a CCF, which affected her cranial nerve and led to cervical myelopathy.
  • * A detailed search of medical literature revealed that CCFs presenting with cervical myelopathy are quite rare, offering insights that could aid doctors in diagnosing and treating this complex condition.
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Coexistence of neural tube defects and spinal arteriovenous shunts: a case series and review of literature.

Childs Nerv Syst

November 2024

Department of Neuroimaging & Interventional Neuroradiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences Centre, AIIMS, Room No 17, Ansari, Nagar, New Delhi, India.

Background: Spinal arteriovenous shunts and spinal dysraphism both have a different underlying cause, disease spectrum and developmental process; hence, these entities rarely coexist in a patient. Here, we reported four cases of coexistence of adult-onset spinal arteriovenous shunt and spinal dysraphism in the same patient along with their therapeutic embolisation. Additionally, we conducted an extensive literature review to explore the potential theories and explanations for this coexistence.

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Article Synopsis
  • A 44-year-old man experienced atonic seizures in his left arm followed by generalized seizures, with an MRI revealing abnormalities in the right frontal lobe's white and gray matter.
  • Treatment with levetiracetam controlled his seizures, while further tests and imaging suggested possible neuro-Sweet disease and revealed cerebrovascular issues, including four dural arteriovenous fistulas.
  • After successful endovascular embolization to treat the fistulas, the patient's condition improved, and he remained seizure-free for two years.
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Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by the development of hamartomas and an increased cancer risk. Most CS patients harbor mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene. We herein report a 70-year-old patient with CS who presented with lower extremity weakness caused by multiple thoracic dural arteriovenous fistulas.

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Introduction: Here, we describe a rare case of a spinal arteriovenous fistula in a patient with known hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and spontaneous intraspinal hemorrhage. Furthermore, we provide a brief review of the literature on the formation of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in relation to this disease.

Case Presentation: The case involves a 54-year-old male with known HHT.

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Lower Cervical Dural Arteriovenous Fistula with a "Skip Lesion" in the Brainstem: A Case Report.

NMC Case Rep J

June 2024

Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are rare vascular malformations that can occur anywhere in the spine. Most SDAVFs lead to slow aggressive myelopathy due to venous congestion at a level adjacent to the shunt point. However, rare cases of localized brainstem edema without spinal cord lesions have been reported.

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