Distribution and Clinical Characteristics of Periorbital Infantile Hemangiomas.

Periorbital infantile hemangiomas (POIHs) are associated with a high incidence of visual complications. To analyze the sites of predilection of POIHs and to determine whether certain sites require earlier intervention due to their higher rate of visual complications. A retrospective case series study was conducted on patients from two tertiary care centers for 25 years.

Reconstruction after ablative treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck.

Arteriovenous malformations are high-flow congenital vascular malformations that are characterized by abnormal connections between arteries and veins across an abnormal capillary bed. The head and neck region is the most common location for extracranial arteriovenous malformations. Due to their highly invasive, aggressive, and locally destructive nature, arteriovenous malformations are difficult to treat, and management through a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach is recommended.

Treating pediatric port-wine stains in aesthetics.

A port-wine stain (PWS) is a vascular birthmark present in 0.3% to 0.5% of newborns.

The genetics of vascular birthmarks.

One in 10 infants are born with a vascular birthmark each year. Some vascular birthmarks, such as infantile hemangiomas, are common, while vascular malformations, such as capillary, lymphatic, venous, and arteriovenous malformations, are less so. Diagnosing uncommon vascular birthmarks can be challenging, given the phenotypic heterogeneity and overlap among these lesions.

Analysis of port-wine birthmark vascular characteristics by location: Utility of optical coherence tomography mapping.

Introduction: Port-wine birthmarks (PWBs) are congenital capillary malformations that can be located on any area of the body. Vascular features include vessel size, depth, and density, which can greatly differ between patients, individual lesions, and even sites within the same lesion. Previous studies have determined that the location of PWB lesions has impacted their clinical response to laser treatment.

Approach to clinically significant vascular anomalies in children.

Vascular anomalies consist of tumours or malformations made up of abnormal growth or collections of blood vessels that can result in functional or cosmetic problems. While many vascular anomalies are present at birth, some do not appear until later in life, making diagnosis more challenging. Although many vascular anomalies are benign, some are associated with serious complications and may involve multiple organ systems.

Vascular Birthmarks as a Clue for Complex and Syndromic Vascular Anomalies.

Vascular birthmarks are common in neonates (prevalence: 20-30%) and mostly incidental findings sometimes with spontaneous regression (salmon patch and nevus simplex). Capillary malformations are found in about 1% and infantile hemangiomas are found in 4% of mature newborns. Vascular malformations are classified according to their most prominent vessel type.

Expression of Cathepsins B, D, and G in Extracranial Arterio-Venous Malformation.

We have previously identified a population of cells that expressed stemness-associated markers in extracranial arterio-venous malformation (AVM) and demonstrated expression of cathepsins B, D, and G on embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like populations in other vascular anomalies. This study investigated the expression of cathepsins B, D, and G, and their localization in relation to this primitive population in extracranial AVM. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on AVM tissue samples from 13 patients to demonstrate expression of cathepsins B, D, and G.

Vascular characteristics of port wine birthmarks as measured by dynamic optical coherence tomography.

Background: Port wine birthmarks (PWBs) are congenital capillary malformations. Vessel characteristics, such as diameter and depth, may impact presentation and outcomes. They can be imaged using dynamic optical coherence tomography, a high-resolution, noninvasive imaging method.

CM-AVM syndrome - A prospective observational study of unrelated paediatric cases.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to describe the clinical spectrum of CM-AVM syndrome as well as radiological and genetic findings.

Methods: This is a single-centre prospective observational study performed at Sydney Children's Hospital. Patients under the age of 18 years that presented to our paediatric dermatology clinic or vascular birthmark clinic between January 2015 and September 2020 with one or more geometric shaped pink/ red/ brown macule with a peripheral pallor characteristic of a high-flow vascular stain were included.

Psychometric Validation of the FACE-Q Craniofacial Module for Facial Nerve Paralysis.

Systematic reviews have identified the need for a patient-reported outcome measure for facial nerve paralysis (FNP). The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of FACE-Q Craniofacial module scales when used in a combined sample of children and older adults with FNP. Data were collected between December 2016 and December 2019.

Stemness-Associated Markers Are Expressed in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation.

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) consists of a with poorly formed low-resistance vessels in place of a functional capillary network. The role of somatic mutations in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and vascular anomalies and the presence of primitive populations in vascular anomalies led us to investigate the presence of a primitive population in extracranial AVM. Extracranial AVM tissue samples from 12 patients were stained for stemness-associated markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and c-MYC using immunohistochemical staining.

Analysis of lesional color to differentiate infantile hemangiomas from port-wine birthmarks in infants less than 3 months old: A pilot study.

Background: In their early phase, infantile hemangiomas (IH) can sometimes be difficult to differentiate from port-wine birthmarks (PWB). Until recently, inexpensive diagnostic tools have not been readily available.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic utility of widely available colorimetric technology when differentiating PWB from IH in photographs of infants less than 3 months old.

Responsiveness of quality of life measures in children with peripheral vascular malformations: The OVAMA project.

Background: The OVAMA (utcome easures for scular lformations) project determined quality of life (QoL) as a core outcome domain for evaluating treatment effect in vascular malformations. To correctly evaluate treatment effect on QoL, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are needed that are responsive to changes. In children with vascular malformations, we explored if two widely used PROMs were responsive to changes: the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI).

β-blocker therapy for infantile hemangioma.

Introduction: Fifteen percent of proliferating infantile hemangioma (IH) require intervention because of the threat to function or life, ulceration, or tissue distortion. Propranolol is the mainstay treatment for problematic proliferating IH. Other β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been explored as alternative treatments.

SECg Staging System: A New Approach to the Management of Arteriovenous Malformations of the Head and Neck.

Objectives: Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are the most troublesome vascular malformations to deal with. They tend to behave like low-grade malignancies with infiltrative and disruptive growth. Crucially, the clinical course of an AVM that has been improperly managed is usually characterized by a recurrence that is much more aggressive than the original disease.

Proliferating Infantile Hemangioma Tissues and Primary Cell Lines Express Markers Associated with Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.

Background: We have previously shown that the endothelium of the microvessels of infantile hemangioma (IH) exhibits a hemogenic endothelium phenotype and proposed its potential to give rise to mesenchymal stem cells, similar to the development of hematopoietic cells. This endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Endo-MT) process involves the acquisition of a migratory phenotype by the endothelial cells, similar to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that occurs during neural crest development. We hypothesized that proliferating IH expresses Endo-MT-associated proteins and investigated their expression at the mRNA, protein, and functional levels.

Microvascular Effects of Pulsed Dye Laser in Combination With Oxymetazoline.

Background And Objective: Oxymetazoline, an α-1A agonist, is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea and induces vasoconstriction by interacting with α receptors. The objective of our study was to study the microvascular effects of oxymetazoline and pulsed dye laser (PDL).

Materials And Methods: A dorsal window chamber was surgically installed on 20 mice.

Responsiveness of quality-of-life measures in patients with peripheral vascular malformations: the OVAMA project.

Background: The OVAMA (Outcome Measures for Vascular Malformations) project determined quality of life (QoL) as a core outcome domain for patients with vascular malformations. In order to measure how current therapeutic strategies alter QoL in these patients, a patient-reported outcome measurement (PROM) responsive to changes in QoL is required.

Objectives: To assess the responsiveness of two widely used generic QoL PROMs, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Skindex-29, in adult patients with vascular malformations.

Quality of Life in Children With Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Aim: We assessed the utilization of the National Institutes of Health Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) in pediatric patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome, a rare neurovascular disorder which frequently results in seizures, brain atrophy, calcification, and a range of neurological impairments.

Methods: Subjects were seen clinically and consented for research. All 22 patients filled out the Pediatric Neuro-QoL.

Autologous Fat Grafting Restores Soft-tissue Contour Deformities after Vascular Anomaly Surgery.

Background: Soft-tissue loss is expected after resection of large vascular lesions. Autologous fat transfer improves asymmetries; however, systematic outcomes are not previously described for vascular anomaly reconstruction.

Methods: Retrospective chart review from 2012 to 2015 included patients receiving autologous fat transfers for soft-tissue defects during or following vascular anomaly surgery at a tertiary care center.