Endovascular laser treatment. Comparison of lasers and fibers of different generations: study of temperatures and tissue damage produced on a porcine liver model.

The current international guidelines identify tumescent ablative techniques such as laser thermal ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency (RFA) to be the gold standard in varicose vein surgery. New-generation lasers have been introduced, which have high wavelengths (1940 and 2000 nm) and therefore with a greater affinity for water than the old generation (980- and 1470-nm lasers). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the biological effect and the temperatures produced during the use of lasers with different wavelengths (980, 1470, and 1940 nm) and with optical fibers with different emission (radial diverging at 60° and radial with cylindrical mono-ring) on in vitro model.

Comparison of outcomes following polidocanol microfoam and radiofrequency ablation of incompetent thigh great and accessory saphenous veins.

Background: Microfoam ablation (MFA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are both approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of proximal saphenous truncal veins. The objective of our study was to compare early postoperative outcomes between MFA and RFA following treatment of incompetent thigh saphenous veins.

Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted of patients who underwent treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins (GSVs) or anterior accessory saphenous veins (AASVs) in the thigh.

Early results following comparison of radiofrequency and microfoam ablation of large diameter truncal veins demonstrate high closure rates and symptomatic relief.

Objective: Endovenous closure of truncal veins with a large diameter (LD) (≥8 mm) has been associated with higher risk of post ablation thrombus propagation into the deep venous system. Similar findings after Varithena microfoam ablation (MFA) have not been characterized. The study objective was to analyze outcomes after both radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and MFA and of LD truncal veins.

Combining Proximal Foam Sclerotherapy and Distal Endovenous Laser Ablation for Recurrent Varicose Vein Treatment.

Background: Recurrent varicose veins with neovascularization are a common clinical problem. Although endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has become the standard treatment modality to treat truncal veins, additional sclerotherapy is required to treat newly formed tortuous veins. A novel laser fiber with an injection channel (nLF) allows for such simultaneous proximal sclerotherapy and offers a potentially more effective treatment option.

Six Year Extension Study of Patients From a Randomised Clinical Trial Comparing Venefit, Radiofrequency Induced Thermal Therapy, and Endovenous Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Incompetent Great Saphenous Veins.

Objective: To compare long term outcomes after great saphenous vein (GSV) treatment with three radiofrequency (RF) thermal devices: Venefit (Closurefast), Radiofrequency Induced Thermal Therapy (RFITT), and Endovenous Radiofrequency (EVRF).

Design: A 72 month follow up of patients who were treated in the randomised 3RF study.

Methods: A total of 172 participants from the 3RF study were invited to take part in a single visit, long term, follow up study.

Outcomes of a single-center experience in eliminating routine postoperative duplex ultrasound screening after endovenous ablation.

Objectives: The current guidelines recommend routine postoperative duplex ultrasound (DUS) screening after endovenous ablation (EVA). This is a grade 2C recommendation, and several contemporary reports have called for revision of this recommendation as there is insufficient evidence to support universal DUS screening after EVA. There are currently no studies that evaluate outcomes among EVA patients who did not have DUS screening.

Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Chronic Insufficiency of the Saphenous Vein-A Comparative Retrospective Study.

Objectives: The broad spectrum of chronic venous disease encompasses varicose veins, edema, hyperpigmentation and venous ulcers. Radiofrequency thermal ablation is indicated for the treatment of superficial venous reflux of the lower limb. Our research is a comparative clinical study that aims to identify the most effective and safest therapeutic method in the management of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs.

[Minimally invasive catheters in varicose vein treatment : New gold standard?].

Background: Endovenous procedures are commonly used for varicose vein treatment.

Objectives: Types, functionality, and significance of endovenous devices.

Methods: To describe the different endovenous devices, their mode of action, inherent risks and efficacy according to the literature.

Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy combined with endoluminal radiofrequency closure in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities.

We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy combined with endoluminal radiofrequency closure in patients with varicose veins of lower extremities (VVLEs); furthermore, we aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the effective management of VVLE patients in clinical work. From January 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021, 88 patients with VVLE admitted to Third Hospital of Shandong Province were included in this retrospective study. Depending on the type of treatment, the patients were divided into study groups and control groups.

Linear endovenous energy density (LEED) should always be quoted with the power used in endovenous thermal ablation - results from an in-vitro porcine liver model study.

Background: Linear Endovenous Energy Density (LEED) is the energy used per cm of vein in endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) but does not include time. This study examines the effect of time during EVTA.

Method: EVTA was performed in a previously validated porcine liver model.

Safety and effectiveness of indirect radiofrequency ablation (closure FAST) of incompetent great saphenous veins with Type I aneurysms: Long-term results radiofrequency ablation for saphenous aneurysms.

Background: Assess the safety and effectiveness of indirect radiofrequency ablation (RFA, Closure FAST) for the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins (GSVs) with type 1 aneurysms.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis performed in three centers (2007-2021). All patients presenting with saphenous aneurysms close to the junction (within 2 cm) were included.

Midterm results of radiofrequency ablation with multiple heat cycles for incompetent saphenous veins.

Objective: Recent reports suggest that the number of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) cycles impacts the depth of vein wall damage. This study evaluates the midterm occlusion rate after delivering increased energy during RFA of incompetent saphenous veins.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2019, consecutive patients who underwent RFA with multiple heat cycles were enrolled in the study.

Correlation between reflux time and venous clinical severity score in patients undergoing saphenous vein ablation: A prospective study.

Objectives: It is unclear whether reflux time independently correlates with severity of symptoms in patients with great saphenous vein reflux.

Methods: Eighty patients (mean age 64+/-12.7 years, 56% female) undergoing great saphenous vein (GSV) ablation for symptomatic reflux were assessed prospectively.

Radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins in combination with ultrasonic-assisted wound debridement and platelet-rich plasma as well as platelet-rich fibrin technologies in treatment of lower extremity venous ulcers in office-based surgery.

Introduction: for the treatment of varicose ulcer performed clinical and laboratory reasoning of the use of ultrasonic-assisted venous ulcer debridement and Platelet-rich plasma with radiofrequency ablation in an outpatient setting, was carried out.

Methods: ultrasonic-assisted debridement of trophic ulcer were performed for 50 patients with lower extremity varicose veins at decompensation stage. The effectiveness of ultrasonic-assisted debridement was evaluated by indicators of bacteriological, morphological, cytological study and assessment of trophic ulcers according to the MEASURE system.

Routine use of concurrent fluoroscopic imaging during superficial endovenous interventions: A position statement of the International Union of Phlebology (UIP), the Australasian College of Phlebology (ACP), the Australia and New Zealand Society for Vascular Surgery (ANZSVS), the American Venous Forum (AVF), the American Vein and Lymphatic Society (AVLS), the European College of Phlebology (ECoP) and the Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA).

International evidence-based guidelines recommend preoperative duplex ultrasound mapping in the assessment of chronic venous disease, and concurrent ultrasound imaging to guide superficial endovenous interventions such as endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, cyanoacrylate adhesive closure, and sclerotherapy (ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy). Other imaging modalities such as venography, alone or in combination with computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging, may be included in the preoperative assessment of a small and select group of patients to exclude central venous obstruction, certain deep venous pathologies, pelvic origin extrapelvic varices, and complex vascular malformations. The signatory scientific and medical societies recommend against the routine use of fluoroscopy and other radiation-based imaging in the investigation and treatment of superficial venous disease.

Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy of Great Saphenous Veins Insufficiency.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy performed on patients with great saphenous vein insufficiency.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Bahcelievler State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, between January 2018 and May 2021 Methodology: A total of 709 patients (382 females, 327 males), who were treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the clinic, were included in the study.

Direct oral anticoagulant agents might be safe for patients undergoing endovenous radiofrequency and laser ablation.

Objective: Studies assessing the effect of the use of anticoagulant agents on endovenous thermal ablation (ETA) have been limited to patients taking warfarin. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ETA for patients taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). We hypothesized that the outcome of ETA for patients taking DOACs would not be superior to the outcomes for patients taking DOACs.

Treatment and contemporary outcomes associated with adjunct tourniquet use during phlebectomy of complex, voluminous truncular varicosities.

Objective: Phlebectomy of large voluminous varicose veins comes with a risk of substantial blood loss. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the outcomes associated with the use of an adjunct tourniquet during varicose vein surgery of complex and large truncular varicosities.

Methods: The prospectively collected registry data included anatomic and outcomes details for patients who presented with complex and large truncular varicosities with a CEAP clinical class of C2, or higher (indicating more serious venous disease) from December 2014 to December 2021.

Relationship between great saphenous vein recanalization, venous symptoms reappearance, and varicose veins recurrence rates after endovenous radiofrequency ablation.

The term "recurrence" in chronic venous disease remains not yet well defined, despite numerous reports describing patterns and causes of the presence of recurrent varicose veins (RVVs). Moreover, saphenous trunk recanalization (STR) has also been documented as one of the major source of RVVs and it is widely used to indicate the "failure" of endovenous ablation. Finally, reappearance of venous symptoms (VSym) should be considered to reach a complete "recurrence" evaluation.

Clinical Efficacy of Endovenous Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) for Superficial Varicose Veins of the Lower Extremities.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of patients with superficial varicose veins of lower extremities.

Methods: From January 1, 2021, to January 1, 2022, 62 patients with superficial lower extremity varicose veins were selected and divided into two groups according to the treatment plan. 31 patients underwent high saphenous vein ligation and dissection as control.