Transmission models of respiratory infections in carceral settings: A systematic review.

Background: The prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks in carceral settings face unique challenges. Transmission modeling is a powerful tool for understanding and addressing these challenges, but reviews of modeling work in this context pre-date the proliferation of outbreaks in jails and prisons during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We conducted a systematic review of studies using transmission models of respiratory infections in carceral settings before and during the pandemic.

Elsberg syndrome - A systematic review of existing scientific literature from 2000 - 2023.

Objective: To assess the clinical presentation, causative agents, and treatment outcomes in patients diagnosed with Elsberg syndrome (ES).

Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted on the mentioned topic using PRISMA guidelines via PubMed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Articles published between 2000 and 2023 were included using advanced search and Boolean strategy.

Varicella-zoster virus hepatitis - a rare complication of primary infection in immunocompetent children?

Aim Of The Study: This research aimed to investigate the incidence and course of varicella-zoster virus hepatitis in immunocompetent children.

Material And Methods: Medical charts of children hospitalised between 2019 and 2022 (excluding the period of the COVID-19 pandemic) due to varicella were retrospectively analysed and compared.

Results: In total, 216 children were included in the analysis.

Vaccination in adult patients with chronic lung diseases.

In Switzerland, additional vaccinations against influenza, COVID-19, Streptococcus pneumoniae and varicella zoster virus (VZV), are recommended for patients with chronic lung diseases such as COPD, asthma or interstitial lung disease, since infectious diseases often lead to exacerbation of lung diseases resulting in increased disease burden and mortality. In this review we give an overview on recommended vaccinations for patients with chronic lung diseases, also including vaccinations against pertussis and RSV, which are recommended in international guidelines. While continuous development of vaccines against S.

[Herpes zoster : vaccination and management of satellite lesions in immunocompromised patients].

Shingles, also termed herpes zoster (HZ), is due to the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) in a dorsal root nerve ganglion with an intra-axonal passage of the virus to a predetermined dermatome. The risk of HZ increases with age, as well as the morbidity risks. The most feared complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, defined as persisting pain sensations three months after the resolution of the skin lesions.

Community pharmacists' knowledge, beliefs, and perceived barriers toward vaccination services at community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia.

Community pharmacists were recently authorized to provide vaccination services in Saudi Arabia. However, the implementation is still limited. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and views of community pharmacists in the Qassim region regarding vaccines and vaccination services and to identify the barriers to providing such services.

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome With Multiple Cranial Neuropathies, Meningitis, and Subsequent Brainstem Encephalitis: A Case Report.

We present a case of Ramsay Hunt syndrome in a previously healthy 49-year-old male, complicated by ipsilateral glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerve palsies, along with meningitis. Despite a course of antiviral therapy and steroids for meningitis, the patient experienced a relapse, developing varicella-zoster virus (VZV) brainstem encephalitis after an initial period of stability. Hunt syndrome can be encountered in otolaryngology and internal medicine, dermatology, and other specialties.

Management of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus with Optic Neuritis and Cavernous Sinus Involvement: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report a treatment approach of a rare presentation of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) with optic neuropathy and oculomotor nerve palsy.

Methods: Report of one case.

Results: Multiple lesions involving the optic nerve and cavernous sinus were demonstrated on magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with a characteristic herpes zoster rash in the V1 dermatomal distribution.

Immune Response to an Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Upadacitinib (End Zoster-J Study): Study Protocol for an Exploratory Parallel Triple-Arm Prospective Trial.

: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as a new class of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, herpes zoster is one of the common adverse events of JAK inhibitors, including upadacitinib, which is especially high in Japanese patients with RA compared to those from Western countries. Recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) is an adjuvanted subunit vaccine containing varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) that is effective in adults over 50 years of age.

Lights and Shadows of Long COVID: Are Latent Infections the Real Hidden Enemy?

Long COVID-19 (LC) is a poorly understood, multifactorial condition that persists for at least three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the wide range of associated symptoms-including fatigue, brain fog, and respiratory issues-remain unclear. However, emerging evidence suggests that the reactivation of latent viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus, may significantly contribute to the complexity of LC.

A prospective, multi-center post-marketing surveillance cohort study to monitor the safety of the recombinant zoster vaccine in Chinese adults ≥50 years of age.

This post-marketing surveillance study evaluated the safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in Chinese adults, given the limited country-specific safety data accumulated since the 2019 licensure of RZV in China for adults ≥ 50 years of age (YOA). This descriptive, prospective cohort study enrolled adults ≥ 50 YOA who voluntarily received RZV per routine clinical practice in six centers in China. The primary outcomes were occurrence, intensity, and causal relationship to vaccination of medically attended adverse events (MAEs) within 30 days post-any dose.

Bilateral Thoracic Herpes Zoster in a 62-year-old Immunocompetent Woman.

Herpes zoster (HZ), caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), typically presents as a unilateral dermatomal erythematous vesicular rash. Bilateral HZ is rare and usually associated with immunocompromise. We report the case of a 62-year-old female with no evident immunocompromise who developed bilateral thoracic HZ.

Optimization of antiviral dosing in Herpesviridae encephalitis: a promising approach to improve outcome?

Background: Despite established antiviral therapy for herpes simplex (HSV), varicella zoster (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis, outcome remains poor.

Objectives: To assess pharmacokinetic (PK) and -dynamic (PD) data of antiviral drugs in the central nervous system (CNS) to optimize treatment of Herpesviridae encephalitis.

Sources: PUBMED search 1950 to September 2024, terms 1.

Fatal visceral disseminated varicella zoster virus infection during initial remission induction therapy in a patient with lupus nephritis: a case report and review of the literature.

Visceral disseminated varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is a severe complication, characterized by a notably high mortality rate. Herein, we present a case of a 36-year-old-man involving visceral disseminated VZV infection that emerged during remission induction therapy involving high-dose prednisolone (PSL), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and hydroxychloroquine for lupus nephritis. Two months after starting the immunosuppressive therapy, he experienced a rapid onset of severe upper abdominal pain.

Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Thoracic Herpes Zoster-Related Pain: A Study Protocol.

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ), triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, manifests as a painful rash known as zoster-associated pain (ZAP), which can progress to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in managing acute ZAP and preventing PHN.

Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label, endpoint-blinded, single-center trial involving 128 participants suffering from zoster-associated pain.

D-Penicillamine Induced Myelotoxicity: A Unique Case.

A case of D-penicillamine-related myelotoxicity in a patient with Wilson's disease is reported. There is a paucity of literature regarding D-penicillamine (DPA) induced myelotoxicity in the setting of Wilson's disease (WD). A 22-year-old male presented with a 1-week history of bleeding gums and dizziness.

Post-infectious central nervous system vasculitides in adults: an underdiagnosed and treatable disease part II. Neuroimaging of selected etiologies : Part II. Neuroimaging of selected etiologies.

Introduction: As detailed in the first part of this review, post-infectious vasculitides are a wide and complex category, including several clinical, microbiological and neuroradiological patterns. In order to raise the suspicion for diagnosis, the knowledge of two different neuroradiological issues is needed, i.e.

Post-infectious central nervous system vasculitides in adults: an underdiagnosed and treatable disease : Part I. Overview.

Introduction: The differential diagnosis of Primary Central Nervous System Angiitis (PACNS) is complex and includes several inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. Among the first ones, post-infectious CNS vasculitides represent a relevant topic and they are often underdiagnosed.

Aims: The main aim of this review is to summarize the clinical and neuroimaging features of post-infectious vasculitides, highlighting the diagnostic clues and the need to carefully consider them in the differential diagnosis of PACNS.

Conjunctival Neuroma After Corneal Neurotization in a Patient With Neurotrophic Keratopathy: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report a rare case of conjunctival neuroma after a successful corneal neurotization surgery.

Methods: The clinical file and histopathology slides of this patient who underwent surgical corneal neurotization for a neurotrophic keratopathy in the right eye were reviewed.

Results: A 70-year-old man with a history of severe herpetic (varicella zoster) neurotrophic keratopathy and keratouveitis in the right eye developed a corneal perforation, which required tectonic keratoplasty (May 2020).

Chickenpox in Poland in 2022.

Introduction: Chickenpox is an infectious disease caused by the Varicella-zoster virus, usually affecting children. It is characterized by a rash with rapid seeding of small red papules. The course of the disease is mild, but in people with weakened immunity it may be severe.

Targeting alpha-4 integrin with natalizumab for intermediate uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis.

Intermediate uveitis (IU) may be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), with both conditions possibly sharing pathogenic mechanisms Two patients presented with bilateral IU. Despite targeted uveitis treatment with corticosteroids and methotrexate, both had ongoing disease activity with symptoms, and fluorescein angiographic abnormalities. Both were subsequently identified to have radiologically isolated MS in the absence of clinical demyelination.

Varicella zoster meningoencephalitis without exanthem: immunocompetent host.

In an immunocompetent person, varicella zoster virus (VZV) is an uncommon cause of aseptic meningoencephalitis. Reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus from nerve infection results in shingles, a condition marked by rash, intense pain, and dermal involvement in immunocompromised hosts. We present an unusual case of a 22-year-old immunocompetent male diagnosed as VZV meningoencephalitis without exanthem.

Silent reactivation of Varicella Zoster virus in hemodialysis patients.: A management dilemma.

Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM antibodies among hemodialysis patients (HDP). Additionally, the presence of VZV viral DNA has been investigated for possible reactivation status.

Methods: Sera from 265 individuals were collected and tested.