Comparative study to evaluate the intersystem association and reliability between standard pelvic organ prolapse quantification system and simplified pelvic organ prolapse scoring system.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the standard pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POPQ) classification system and the simplified pelvic organ prolapse (S-POP) classification system.

Method: This is an observational study, in which 100 subjects, whose average age was 60 ± 10 years, with pelvic floor disorder symptoms underwent two systems of examinations-POPQ classification system and S-POP classification system at Safdarjung hospital-done by four gynecologists (two specialists and two resident doctors) using a prospective randomized study, blinded to each other's findings. Data were compared using appropriate statistics.

Chemical sympathectomy restores baroreceptor-heart rate reflex and heart rate variability in rats with chronic nitric oxide deficiency.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role not only in regulation of blood pressure but also in maintenance of cardiac autonomic tone and its deficiency induced hypertension is accompanied by cardiac autonomic dysfunction. However, underlying mechanisms are not clearly defined. We hypothesized that sympathetic activation mediates hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic changes consequent to deficient NO synthesis.

Congenital anonychia and brachydactyly of the left foot - Cooks syndrome variant: Case report and review of literature.

Cooks syndrome is characterized by familial congenital anonychia or onychodystrophy, hypoplasia or absence of distal phalanges of the hands and feet with brachydactyly of the fifth finger and digitalization of the thumb (triphalangism). It is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. Here, we report a case of congenital anonychia and brachydactyly of the left foot, which possibly is a variant of Cooks syndrome with a positive family history of similar deformity.

Migraine: is it related to hormonal disturbances or stress?

Background: Common neurological syndrome (migraine without aura) is more common among women than men. Migraine is among the top 20 causes of disability. Menstruation is known to be a powerful trigger for migraine, and so is stress, but the presentation of headache is similar in both.

Impact of sleep-disordered breathing on metabolic dysfunctions in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disorder among women in the reproductive age group. These women are prone to develop sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and metabolic disorders. SDB is also associated with metabolic dysfunctions.

Cartilage palisades in type 3 tympanoplasty: functional and hearing results.

To evaluate the functional and hearing outcomes using full thickness broad cartilage palisades for tympanic membrane reconstruction in type 3 tympanoplasty with titanium prostheses. The retrospective study performed at a tertiary referral institute included 30 patients with posterior mesotympanic retraction pockets or tympanic membrane perforations requiring tympanic membrane and type 3 ossicular reconstruction. Patients with disease extending beyond the aditus requiring canal wall down mastoidectomy were excluded.

Corynebacterium striatum: an emerging nosocomial pathogen in a case of laryngeal carcinoma.

Corynebacterium striatum is an emerging nosocomial pathogen associated with wound infections, pneumonia and meningitis. It is also a multidrug-resistant pathogen causing high morbidity. This is a report of an unusual case of wound infection in a patient with laryngeal carcinoma.

Clinical advantages of cartilage palisades over temporalis fascia in type I tympanoplasty.

Objective: To compare the post-operative outcomes in using temporalis fascia and full thickness broad cartilage palisades as graft in type I tympanoplasty.

Methods: This study, conducted at a tertiary referral institute, included 90 consecutive patients with mucosal type chronic otitis media requiring type I tympanoplasty with a 60/30 distribution of cases with fascia and cartilage palisades, respectively. The fascia group consisted of primary cases in adults and excluded revision cases, near-total or total perforations and pediatric cases.

Giant vascular hamartoma of the tongue.

We present one of the largest lingual hamartomas of the tongue base to have been reported, along with a review of the current literature and a description of the management of this case, as well as insights into the histopathology of the lesion. A 21-year-old woman presented with a mass on the base of her tongue, extending to the vallecula. The mass was found to be over 4 cm and enhancing on computed tomography.

Clinical and socio-demographic determinants of psychological health and burden in family caregivers of patients with unipolar depression.

Introduction: Depression affects nearly 350 million people worldwide and is currently among the most disabling diagnosis in the world. Caregiver burden can be immense in unipolar depression. The present study seeks to fill the knowledge gap by evaluating sociodemographic factors affecting psychological health and burden in caregivers of patients with unipolar depression.

An unusual array of extensor musculature and tendons of the hand clinico-anatomical insight.

Extensor tendon injury is a frequent finding in clinical practice. During a routine dissection class of undergraduate medical students examining the extensor aspect of the right hand, they found an interesting pattern of extensor tendons. The extensor digitorum (ED) exhibited three tendons for the middle and ring fingers.

Drug resistance in leishmaniasis: Newer developments.

Leishmaniasis is a vector borne protozoan disease and it remains a major public health problem world-wide. Lack of an effective vaccine and vector control program makes the chemotherapy as the primary tool for leishmaniasis. Antimonials were used as the first line of treatment for many years.

Retinopathy of prematurity: risk factors and role of antenatal betamethasone in Indian preterm newborn babies.

Background: Increase in the survival of preterm neonates has led to increased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Among various risk factors, only prematurity is well-established and role of others is still not clear. Effect of antenatal betamethasone on ROP severity is also controversial.

Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies in synovial fluid of patients with reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy in India.

Objectives: Reportedly, there is little information on the magnitude of genitourinary-induced reactive arthritis (gReA) from India. Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is a major health problem in India because of its high prevalence; therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to screen ReA/undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (uSpA) patients (n = 20) attending a major city hospital in New Delhi, for investigating the presence of intra-articular chlamydial antigen in knee joints. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) served as controls (n = 20).

A reliable and cost effective approach for radiographic monitoring in nutritional rickets.

Objective: Radiological scoring is particularly useful in rickets, where pre-treatment radiographical findings can reflect the disease severity and can be used to monitor the improvement. However, there is only a single radiographic scoring system for rickets developed by Thacher and, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated radiographic changes in rickets based on this scoring system apart from the one done by Thacher himself. The main objective of this study is to compare and analyse the pre-treatment and post-treatment radiographic parameters in nutritional rickets with the help of Thacher's scoring technique.

Gallbladder perforation: A rare complication of enteric fever.

Introduction: Gallbladder perforation is a rare complication of acute calculous cholecystitis in adults. Perforation of gallbladder due to enteric fever is extremely rare condition. Pre-operative diagnosis is rarely made and mortality is high.

Unusual variation of plantaris muscle-clinical and surgical notes.

Plantar muscle is one of the most dis-regarded muscles of the body. However, its injury may be considered in differential diagnosis of painful calf. Variations pertaining to plantaris muscle are rare and therefore infrequently reported in anatomical literature.

Extensive nasopharyngeal angiofibromas: the maxillary swing approach.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and outcome using the maxillary swing approach for the management of extensive nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. A retrospective analysis in a tertiary care center revealed five cases with extensive nasal angiofibromas operated using the maxillary swing approach between 2010 and 2012. All patients had tumor extension to the lateral-most portions of the infratemporal fossa with complete occupation and destruction of the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus causing abutment to the cavernous sinus and complete involvement of the pterygopalatine fossa and pterygoid base.

Granisetron versus ondansetron for post-operative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis in elective craniotomies for brain tumors: A randomized controlled double-blind study.

Context: Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) pose unique challenges in neurosurgical patients that warrant its study separate from other surgical groups.

Setting And Design: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was carried out to compare and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three antiemetic combinations for PONV prophylaxis following craniotomy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 75 anesthesiologist status I/II patients undergoing elective craniotomy for brain tumors were randomized into three groups, G, O and D, to receive single doses of dexamethasone 8 mg at induction with either granisetron 1 mg, ondansetron 4 mg or normal saline 2 ml at the time of dural closure respectively.

Extensive intratemporal cholesteatomas: presentation, complications and surgical outcomes.

The purpose of the study was to review the clinical features, complications, surgical management and post-operative outcomes of medially invasive extensive cholesteatomas and intracranial complications of cholesteatoma. The retrospective review was carried out at a tertiary referral center and included 20 patients presenting with extensive intratemporal cholesteatomas between 2011 and 2013. Inclusion criteria were involvement of the labyrinth, facial nerve, posterior fossa dura and intracranial complications.

Phenotypic characterization and colistin susceptibilities of carbapenem-resistant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobcter spp. are important nosocomial pathogens and carbapenem resistance is an emerging threat. Therapeutic options for infections with these isolates include colistin.