The pharmacological management of asthma in adults: 2023 update.

Introduction: The pharmacotherapy of asthma is a dynamic process that changes as our knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology and treatment of this disease continues to evolve. This implies the need for continuous revision of the recommendations of asthma guidelines and strategies.

Areas Covered: This review summarizes the latest key practical information on the pharmacological management of asthma in adults.

Gain and loss of upper limb abilities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: A 24-month study.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular condition characterized by muscle weakness. The Performance of upper limb (PUL) test is designed to evaluate upper limb function in DMD patients across three domains. The aim of this study is to identify frequently lost or gained PUL 2.

A Modified Self-Growing Rod Technique for Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis.

Unlabelled: Surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) remains challenging as no definitive surgical technique has emerged as the single best option in this varied patient population. Although the available surgical techniques may differ substantially, they all share the same goals of achieving and maintaining deformity correction, allowing physiological spinal growth, and reducing the number of operations and complications. Herein, we present a modified self-growing rod technique that represents a valid alternative to the existing surgical procedures for EOS.

Evolution in Real-World Therapeutic Strategies for HIV Treatment: A Retrospective Study in Southern Italy, 2014-2020.

Changes in HIV treatment guidelines over the last two decades reflect the evolving challenges in this field. Our study examined treatment change patterns throughout a 7-year period in a large Italian cohort of HIV patients as well as the reasons and direction of changes. Treatment-naïve and -experienced HIV patients managed by Cotugno Hospital of Naples between 2014 and 2020 were analyzed.

Advances in the Pharmacological Management of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Introduction: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation is the main supportive measure used in patients with pediatric ARDS (PARDS), but adjunctive pharmacological therapies (corticosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide [iNO], surfactant replacement therapy and neuromuscular blocking drugs) are also used, although limited data exists to inform of this practice.

Areas Covered: The authors review the current challenges in the pharmacological management of PARDS and highlight the few certainties currently available.

Expert Opinion: Children with PARDS must not be treated as young adults with ARDS, essentially because children's lungs differ substantially from those of adults and PARDS occurs in children differently than ARDS in adults.

10-Year Clinical, Functional, and X-ray Follow-Up Evaluation of a Novel Posterior Percutaneous Screw-Rod Instrumentation Technique for Single-Level Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis.

Medical treatment with antibiotic therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for pyogenic spondylodiscitis (PS). Nevertheless, orthopaedic treatment is also very important in relieving pain, preventing neurological damage, and avoiding development of spinal deformities (e.g.

Classes of drugs that target the cellular components of inflammation under clinical development for COPD.

Introduction: The persistent inflammation that characterizes COPD and affects its natural course also impacting on symptoms has prompted research to find molecules that can regulate the inflammatory process but still available anti-inflammatory therapies provide little or no benefit in COPD patients. Consequently, numerous anti-inflammatory molecules that are effective in animal models of COPD have been or are being evaluated in humans.

Areas Covered: In this article we describe several classes of drugs that target the cellular components of inflammation under clinical development for COPD.

A Detailed Analysis of Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients with Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Presenting without Axial Back Pain.

Retrospective analysis of a single institution prospective, longitudinal database of spinal pyogenic infections. Diagnosis of pyogenic spondylodiscitis (PS) can be challenging. Although presenting symptoms are often non-specific, acute non-remitting axial back pain is the most striking feature.

Association between anorexia nervosa and other specified eating or feeding disorders and paranoia in adolescents: what factors are involved?

Introduction: In eating disorders, the association with other psychiatric symptoms is of particular interest. The association between anorexia nervosa and psychotic symptoms is less studied than that with affective disorders (anxiety/depression). The aim of this study is to describe a psychotic symptom (paranoia) in adolescents with anorexia nervosa looking at several potential explicative associated factors: eating disorder symptoms, body image concerns, depression and social anxiety.

Should the Impact of Postural Change of Intracranial Pressure After Surgical Repair of Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Be Considered? A Preliminary Survey.

Introduction: Managing skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks is often challenging. Postoperative care, especially regarding postural restrictions and bedrest recommendations, is variable and continues to be based on empirical habits.

Methods: An electronic survey was submitted to French experts in skull base surgery to evaluate current practice of postoperative postural recommendations in patients treated for skull base CSF leaks.

Complications Following Self-Administration of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Literature Review.

The purpose of the present study is to review published literature regarding complications following self-administration of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler. The following keywords were searched in Pubmed and Cochrane database: filler AND self injection, hyaluronic acid AND self injection; filler AND self administration; hyaluronic acid AND self administration. Two authors performed title and abstract eligibility assessment independently.