Risk Factors for Delayed (>30 Days) Readmission Following Rectal Cancer Surgery.

Introduction: Unplanned, delayed readmissions (>30 ds) following oncologic surgeries can increase mortality and care costs and affect hospital quality indices. However, there is a dearth of literature on rectal cancer surgery. Hence, we aimed to assess the risk factors associated with delayed readmissions following rectal cancer surgery to improve targeted interventions, patient outcomes, and quality indices.

Impact of disease duration and surgical intervention on arousal networks in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Epilepsy is a common neurological disease affecting nearly 1% of the global population, and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type. Patients experience recurrent seizures and chronic cognitive deficits that can impact their quality of life, ability to work, and independence. These cognitive deficits often extend beyond the temporal lobe and are not well understood.

Perioperative Supportive Care Interventions to Enhance Surgical Outcomes for Older Adults With Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Older adults with cancer have unique needs, which likely influence surgical outcomes in the geriatric oncology population. We conducted a systematic review to describe the literature focused on perioperative supportive care interventions for older adults with cancer undergoing surgery.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we performed a comprehensive search using the Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Embase databases for literature published from January 2010 to October 2023.

Macromolecular interactions and geometrical confinement determine the 3D diffusion of ribosome-sized particles in live cells.

The crowded bacterial cytoplasm is composed of biomolecules that span several orders of magnitude in size and electrical charge. This complexity has been proposed as the source of the rich spatial organization and apparent anomalous diffusion of intracellular components, although this has not been tested directly. Here, we use biplane microscopy to track the 3D motion of self-assembled bacterial genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (bGEMs) with tunable size (20 to 50 nm) and charge (-3,240 to +2,700 e) in live cells.

The impact of resective epilepsy surgery on the brain network: evidence from post-surgical imaging.

Resective epilepsy surgery can be an effective treatment for patients with medication-resistant focal epilepsy. Epilepsy resection consists of the surgical removal of an epileptic focus to stop seizure generation and disrupt the epileptic network. However, even focal surgical resections for epilepsy lead to widespread brain network changes.

The impact of imprecise case definitions in electronic health record research: a melanoma case-study from the Million Veteran Program.

Cases for a disease can be defined broadly using diagnostic codes, or narrowly using gold-standard confirmation that often is not available in large administrative datasets. These different definitions can have significant impacts on the results and conclusions of studies. We conducted this study to assess how using melanoma phecodes versus histologic confirmation for invasive or in situ melanoma impacts the results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the Million Veteran Program.

Risk factors affecting polygenic score performance across diverse cohorts.

Apart from ancestry, personal or environmental covariates may contribute to differences in polygenic score (PGS) performance. We analyzed the effects of covariate stratification and interaction on body mass index (BMI) PGS (PGS) across four cohorts of European (N = 491,111) and African (N = 21,612) ancestry. Stratifying on binary covariates and quintiles for continuous covariates, 18/62 covariates had significant and replicable R differences among strata.

single nucleotide polymorphism reduces dabigatran acylglucuronide formation in humans.

Background: Dabigatran etexilate (DABE), a prodrug of dabigatran (DAB), is a direct thrombin inhibitor used to prevent ischemic stroke and thromboembolism during atrial fibrillation. The effect of genetic polymorphisms on its metabolism, particularly , has not been extensively explored in humans. This study aimed to investigate the effects of , , and polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of DAB and its acylglucuronide metabolites in healthy subjects.

Bridging the continuity: Practice-enhancing publications about the ambulatory care medication-use process in 2023.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Bridging animal models and humans: neuroimaging as intermediate phenotypes linking genetic or stress factors to anhedonia.

Background: Intermediate phenotypes, such as characteristic neuroimaging patterns, offer unique insights into the genetic and stress-related underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders like depression. This study aimed to identify neuroimaging intermediate phenotypes associated with depression, bridging etiological factors to behavioral manifestations and connecting insights from animal models to diverse clinical populations.

Methods: We analyzed datasets from both rodents and humans.

Magnetic field probe-based co-simulation method for irregular volume-type inductively coupled wireless MRI radiofrequency coils.

Background: Inductively coupled wireless coils are increasingly used in MRI due to their cost-effectiveness and simplicity, eliminating the need for expensive components like preamplifiers, baluns, coil plugs, and coil ID circuits. Existing tools for predicting component values and electromagnetic (EM) fields are primarily designed for cylindrical volume coils, making them inadequate for irregular volume-type wireless coils.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to introduce and validate a novel magnetic (H-) field probe-based co-simulation method to accurately predict capacitance values and EM fields for irregular volume-type wireless coils, thereby addressing the limitations of current prediction tools.

Emotions & Heart:Exploring the Impact of Negative Emotions on Cardiovascular Health.

Negative emotions can have a significant impact on individuals, which then influences their cardiovascular system. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications of this association remain inadequately defined. A narrative review of pertinent literature was conducted to examine the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment related to the interplay between emotions and conditions such as takotsubo cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, acute plaque rupture, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Permanent defects in renal medullary structure and function after reversal of urinary obstruction.

Urinary obstruction causes injury to the renal medulla, impairing the ability to concentrate urine, and increasing the risk of progressive kidney disease. However, the regenerative capacity of the renal medulla after reversal of obstruction is poorly understood. To investigate this, we developed a mouse model of reversible urinary obstruction.

Third Proceedings of The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC): Consensus Statement on Trial Design for Airway Stenosis.

Importance: Airway stenosis is a rare but debilitating disorder that significantly degrades the quality of life in affected patients. Treatments are primarily surgical, and disease management lacks established medical therapies. The North American Airway Collaborative held its third symposium at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 15, 2024, focused on strategies to advance the care of these patients.

Supporting the Advancement of a National Agenda for Pediatric Healthcare Reform: A multi-year Evaluation of a Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities Program.

Objectives: To evaluate the implementation and sustainability of the effect of a 1-year Leadership in Education for Neurodevelopmental and related Disabilities (LEND) program in a southeastern state, and to examine its impact on advancing the Maternal Child Health Bureau's (MCHB) Blueprint for Change-a national agenda for pediatric healthcare reform.

Methods: This study applies the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework to rigorously evaluate LEND implementation and impact between 2018 and 2022. In-depth interviews (N = 24) were conducted among long-term (1-year) LEND trainees, via Zoom, in a southeastern state.

Central or Peripheral Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pediatric Sepsis: Outcomes Comparison in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Dataset, 2000-2021.

Objectives: Small studies of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for children with refractory septic shock (RSS) suggest that high-flow (≥ 150 mL/kg/min) venoarterial ECMO and a central cannulation strategy may be associated with lower odds of mortality. We therefore aimed to examine a large, international dataset of venoarterial ECMO patients for pediatric sepsis to identify outcomes associated with flow and cannulation site.

Design: Retrospective analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) database from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2021.

The interplay between ZigA and SltB promotes zinc homeostasis and cell envelope integrity.

is an opportunistic human pathogen that acquires nutrient metals from the vertebrate host amid infection. During zinc (Zn) scarcity, upregulates the expression of the predicted Zn metallochaperone, . Loss of compromises fitness during Zn deficiency, highlighting its role in this condition.

In Silico Prediction of Maize microRNA as a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor: A New Approach to Treating Hyperuricemia Patients.

Introduction: Hyperuricemia is characterized by increased uric acid (UA) in the body. The ability to block xanthine oxidase (XO) is a useful way to check how different bioactive molecules affect hyperuricemia. Previous reports showed the significant effect of corn against hyperuricemia disorder with its anti-XO activity.

Reproductive and Hormonal Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Given the female predominance of thyroid cancer (TC), particularly in the reproductive age range, female sex hormones have been proposed as an aetiology; however, previous epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results. We conducted a pooled analysis using individual data from 9 prospective cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium, to explore the association between 10 female reproductive and hormonal factors and TC risk. Using Cox proportional hazards models, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and then pooled using a random-effects model.

A Military-Civilian Training Partnership for Army Nurses.

Background: In 2018, the U.S. Army Surgeon General created the Army Medical Department Military-Civilian Trauma Team Training (AMCT3) program to enhance the clinical proficiency of medical personnel serving on Army trauma teams called forward resuscitative surgical detachments (FRSDs).

Breast milk delivery of an engineered dimeric IgA protects neonates against rotavirus.

Dimeric IgA (dIgA) is the dominant antibody in many mucosal tissues. It is actively transported onto mucosal surfaces as secretory IgA (sIgA) which plays an integral role in protection against enteric pathogens, particularly in young children. Therapeutic strategies that deliver engineered, potently neutralizing antibodies directly into the infant intestine through breast milk could provide enhanced antimicrobial protection for neonates.

Pediatric relapsed/refractory ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma treatment and outcomes in the targeted drug era.

Treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have increased in the era of targeted therapies such as brentuximab vedotin (BV) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) inhibitors. However, there is no standard treatment and limited published data evaluating their use. The goal of this retrospective study is to describe current real-world treatment and outcomes of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with R/R ALK-positive ALCL.

The Impact of International Fellowship on Research Productivity: International Fellowship on Research Productivity.

International medical graduates (IMGs) represent a significant portion of the US physician workforce, comprising 25% across all specialties with a strong presence in internal medicine and primary care. However, their representation in plastic surgery remains limited at only 10%. Matching into a US plastic surgery residency is highly competitive for both US medical graduates and IMGs.