Association between Sleep Duration and Colorectal Adenomas: Findings from a Case-Control Study in Vietnam.

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide and in Vietnam. Adenomas are important precursors of colorectal cancer. Study on the association between sleep duration and development of colorectal adenoma (CRA) is limited, particularly among Vietnamese population.

Mortality among Tennessee Eastman Corporation (TEC) uranium processing workers, 1943-2019.

Background: There are few occupational studies of women exposed to ionizing radiation. During World War II, the Tennessee Eastman Corporation (TEC) operated an electromagnetic field separation facility of 1152 calutrons to obtain enriched uranium (U) used for the Hiroshima atomic bomb. Thousands of women were involved in these operations.

Mortality among medical radiation workers in the United States, 1965-2016.

Background: Estimates of radiation risks following prolonged exposures at low doses and low-dose rates are uncertain. Medical radiation workers are a major component of the Million Person Study (MPS) of low-dose health effects. Annual personal dose equivalents, (10), for individual workers are available to facilitate dose-response analyses for lung cancer, leukemia, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and other causes of death.

Mortality from leukemia, cancer and heart disease among U.S. nuclear power plant workers, 1957-2011.

Background: The aim of the Million Person Study of Low-Dose Health Effects (MPS) is to examine the level of radiation risk for chronic exposures received gradually over time and not acutely as was the case for the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Nuclear power plant (NPP) workers comprise nearly 15 percent of the MPS. Leukemia, selected cancers, Parkinson's disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and other causes of death are evaluated.

Association between body mass index and colorectal adenomas: Findings from a case-control study in Vietnam.

Colorectal cancer is a leading cancer worldwide and in Vietnam. Adenomas (adenomatous polyps) is an important precursor of colorectal cancer. There is currently no study to determine the modifiable risk factors for colorectal adenomas, including body mass index (BMI) in Vietnam.

Identification of a Locus Near Associated With Progression-Free Survival in Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Many loci have been found to be associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, although there is considerable variation in progression-free survival (PFS), no loci have been found to be associated with outcome at genome-wide levels of significance.

Methods: We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of PFS in 2,352 women with EOC who had undergone cytoreductive surgery and standard carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy.

Mortality among workers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1943-2017.

Background: During World War II (WWII), the Manhattan Engineering District established a secret laboratory in the mountains of northern New Mexico. The mission was to design, construct and test the first atomic weapon, nicknamed 'The Gadget' that was detonated at the TRINITY site in Alamogordo, NM. After WWII, nuclear weapons research continued, and the laboratory became the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).

Cohort profile: four early uranium processing facilities in the US and Canada.

Purpose: Pooling of individual-level data for workers involved in uranium refining and processing (excluding enrichment) may provide valuable insights into risks from occupational uranium and external ionizing radiation exposures.

Methods: Data were pooled for workers from four uranium processing facilities (Fernald, Mallinckrodt and Middlesex from the U.S.

Radium dial workers: back to the future.

Purpose: This paper reviews the history of the radium dial workers in the United States, summarizes the scientific progress made since the last evaluation in the early 1990s, and discusses current progress in updating the epidemiologic cohort and applying new dosimetric models for radiation risk assessment.

Background: The discoveries of radiation and radioactivity led quickly to medical and commercial applications at the turn of the 20th century, including the development of radioluminescent paint, made by combining radium with phosphorescent material and adhesive. Workers involved with the painting of dials and instruments included painters, handlers, ancillary workers, and chemists who fabricated the paint.

A comprehensive re-assessment of the association between vitamin D and cancer susceptibility using Mendelian randomization.

Previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cancer have typically adopted a handful of variants and found no relationship between 25(OH)D and cancer; however, issues of horizontal pleiotropy cannot be reliably addressed. Using a larger set of variants associated with 25(OH)D (74 SNPs, up from 6 previously), we perform a unified MR analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D and ten cancers. Our findings are broadly consistent with previous MR studies indicating no relationship, apart from ovarian cancers (OR 0.

Mortality among U.S. military participants at eight aboveground nuclear weapons test series.

Background: Approximately 235,000 military personnel participated at one of 230 U.S. atmospheric nuclear weapons tests from 1945 through 1962.

The U-shaped association between body mass index and gastric cancer risk in the Helicobacter pylori Biomarker Cohort Consortium: A nested case-control study from eight East Asian cohort studies.

The association between body mass index (BMI) and noncardia gastric cancer (NCGC) risk remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to examine the association of BMI with NCGC risk with consideration of Helicobacter pylori (HP) biomarkers. This international nested case-control study, composed of 1,591 incident NCGC cases and 1,953 matched controls, was established from eight cohorts in China, Japan and Korea, where the majority of NCGCs are diagnosed worldwide.

Serum ghrelin and esophageal and gastric cancer in two cohorts in China.

Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the oxyntic glands of the stomach. Previous work by our group has suggested that serum ghrelin concentrations are inversely associated with gastric and esophageal cancer risk. We measured ghrelin concentrations in the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT), and the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS).

Circulating markers of cellular immune activation in prediagnostic blood sample and lung cancer risk in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3).

Cell-mediated immune suppression may play an important role in lung carcinogenesis. We investigated the associations for circulating levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR), quinolinic acid (QA) and neopterin as markers of immune regulation and inflammation with lung cancer risk in 5,364 smoking-matched case-control pairs from 20 prospective cohorts included in the international Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. All biomarkers were quantified by mass spectrometry-based methods in serum/plasma samples collected on average 6 years before lung cancer diagnosis.

Food intake of folate, folic acid and other B vitamins with lung cancer risk in a low-income population in the Southeastern United States.

Purpose: We prospectively examined associations of lung cancer risk with food intake of B vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism and the use of folic acid-containing supplements among a low-income population of black and white adults in the Southeastern US.

Methods: Within the Southern Community Cohort Study, we included 1064 incident lung cancer cases among 68,236 participants aged 40-79 years at study enrollment. Food intake and the use of folic acid-containing supplements were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire at study enrollment.

The Million Person Study relevance to space exploration and Mars.

Understanding the health consequences of exposure to radiation received gradually over time is critically needed. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) bases its safety standards on the acute exposures received by Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Such a brief exposure differs appreciably from the chronic radiation received during a two to three year mission to Mars.

The Million Person Study, whence it came and why.

Purpose: The study of low dose and low-dose rate exposure is of immeasurable value in understanding the possible range of health effects from prolonged exposures to radiation. The Million Person Study (MPS) of low-dose health effects was designed to evaluate radiation risks among healthy American workers and veterans who are more representative of today's populations than are the Japanese atomic bomb survivors exposed briefly to high-dose radiation in 1945. A million persons were needed for statistical reasons to evaluate low-dose and dose-rate effects, rare cancers, intakes of radioactive elements, and differences in risks between women and men.

Updated mortality analysis of the Mallinckrodt uranium processing workers, 1942-2012.

Purpose: Mallinckrodt Chemical Works (MCW) was the earliest uranium processing facility in the United States, and in 1942 produced the uranium oxide used for the first sustained and controlled nuclear fission chain-reaction at the University of Chicago. A second follow-up through 2012 was conducted of 2514 White male workers employed 1942-1966 at the MCW for dose-response analyses for selected causes of death.

Materials And Methods: Organ/tissue-specific dose reconstruction included both external (12,686 MCW film badge records, 210 other facility film badge records, and 31,297 occupational chest x-rays) and internal sources of uranium and radium (39,451 urine bioassays, 2341 breath radon measurements, and 6846 ambient radon measurements).

Potential improvements in brain dose estimates for internal emitters.

Background: Element-specific biokinetic models are used to reconstruct doses to systemic tissues from internal emitters. Typically, a systemic model for a radionuclide explicitly depicts only its dominant repositories. Remaining tissues and fluids are aggregated into a pool called in which the radionuclide is assumed to be uniformly distributed.

Evaluation of statistical modeling approaches for epidemiologic studies of low-dose radiation health effects.

Purpose: A substantial body of epidemiologic literature addresses risks associated with occupational radiation exposure but comparing results between studies is often difficult as different statistical models are commonly used. It is unclear whether different methods produce similar results for estimates of radiation risk when applied to the same data. The goal of this study was to compare the radiation risk estimates for leukemia other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia (non-CLL) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) produced by both Cox and Poisson regression models for time-dependent dose-response analyses of occupational exposure.

50 Years of the Radiation Exposure Information and Reporting System.

Purpose: As the Radiation Exposure Information and Reporting System (REIRS) celebrates 50 years of existence, this is an appropriate time to reflect on the innovative and novel system and how it has shaped the study of occupational radiation exposure. It is also fitting to appreciate the vision and initiative of the individuals who recognized the future value of the collection and analysis of this information to better inform regulations, policies, and epidemiologic studies, and thus contribute to the protection of workers and the public from the adverse health effects of radiation exposure.

Conclusions: REIRS has evolved and expanded over its 50-year history and has played a central role in providing the radiation exposure monitoring records for the Million Person Study for individuals monitored as NRC licensees and at DOE facilities.

Plasma selenoprotein P concentration and lung cancer risk: results from a case-control study nested within the Shanghai Men's Health Study.

Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is a major selenoenzyme in plasma and linked to antioxidant properties and possibly to lung cancer; however, supporting evidence is limited. We investigated the association between pre-diagnostic plasma SELENOP concentration and lung cancer risk in a case-control study of 403 cases and 403 individually matched controls nested within the Shanghai Men's Health Study. SELENOP concentration in pre-diagnostic plasma samples was measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Circulating cotinine concentrations and lung cancer risk in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3).

Background: Self-reported smoking is the principal measure used to assess lung cancer risk in epidemiological studies. We evaluated if circulating cotinine-a nicotine metabolite and biomarker of recent tobacco exposure-provides additional information on lung cancer risk.

Methods: The study was conducted in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3) involving 20 prospective cohort studies.