The Coraco-Gleno-Scapular Line: A Simple Novel Tool for Assessing Glenoid Bone Defects.

Background: Treatment decisions for shoulder instability often necessitate surgical intervention, with glenoid bone loss being a key factor. Currently, various techniques exist to identify glenoid bone loss, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This study introduces the Coraco-Gleno-Scapular (CGS) line as a tool for assessing critical glenoid bone defects.

Dying with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Australian nursing homes: a retrospective case-control study.

Objectives: To identify predictors of mortality in people with active and challenging behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

Design: A retrospective case-control study was designed to compare those referred to Dementia Support Australia (DSA) who died in the 12 months to November 2016, with an equal number of controls who did not die. An audit tool was designed after literature review and expert opinion from the service.

Implementing circuit class training can increase therapy time and functional independence in people with stroke receiving inpatient rehabilitation: findings from a retrospective observational clinical audit.

Background: Increased therapy time and task-specific practice can improve functional recovery post stroke. This observational study aimed to determine whether the clinical implementation of circuit training increases therapy time and improves function in stroke rehabilitation.

Methods: In a retrospective clinical audit, medical records of 110 people (mean age 78.

Current concepts on management of cuff tear.

Among pathologies of the shoulder, rotator cuff tear is the most common. Diagnosis of cuff tear around mid twenties is unusual, but the prevalence increases significantly after the age of forty. The prevalence after the age of 60 is around 20-30%.

Current variability in the assessment of component position for the unhappy knee replacement.

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has a success rate of 80-90%, but despite this encouraging figure a painful TKA can be a source of dismay for patients and surgeons. Computed tomography (CT) scan has been developed as a tool to collect data in the analysis of TKA component placement. Protocols used to collect such data exist in orthopaedic and radiology practice with little standardization and significant variation.

What the FLOQ? A quality improvement project to reduce unnecessary paediatric respiratory viral swabs in a peripheral metropolitan hospital.

Aim: To reduce the number of paediatric respiratory viral swabs (locally referred to as a FLOQ) performed across the authors clinical centre from a baseline of over 800 ($38 000) per year by 25% over 4 months from 6 February 2017 to 31 May 2017.

Methods: A quality improvement project 'What the FLOQ?' (WTF) was instigated from 6 February 2017 to complement the Emergency Department (ED) 'Sensible Test Ordering Process' project from 1 April 2017. Stakeholder engagement across ED and general paediatric staff was sought.

Phylogenetic characterisation of two novel Anaplasmataceae from Australian Ixodes holocyclus ticks: 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia australis' and 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia arcana'.

Recently, two novel species of Anaplasmataceae were detected in the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus, by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Analysis of these sequences suggested that these novel organisms are closely related to the genus 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia'. In this study, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA (1264 bp), groESL (1047 bp) and gltA (561 bp) gene sequences, and concatenated (2872 bp) sequences, all concur that these novel species belong in the genus 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia' and are most closely related to, but distinct from the only other recognised members of this genus, 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' and 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris'.

An unusual radiological presentation of optic nerve sheath meningioma.

Our report describes an unusual radiological presentation of optic nerve sheath meningioma. The classic radiological appearance of optic nerve thickening with enhancement and calcification within the tumor was not seen; instead, an elongating gadolinium enhancing band-like area adjacent to the superomedial aspect of the left optic nerve sheath was identified. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology.

Temporal HbA1c patterns amongst patients with type 2 diabetes referred for specialist care: Data from the S4S-DINGO-Diabetes Informatics Group.

Aims: To evaluate the achievement of HbA1c targets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in specialist practice.

Methods: This audit was undertaken by members of the S4S Diabetes Informatics Group (DINGO), a consortium of Australian endocrinologists in private practice who contribute de-identified data from their electronic medical record, Audit 4 (Software 4 Specialists, S4S, Australia & New Zealand) for audit purposes. Data from patients with type 2 diabetes was extracted.

Bacterial Communities Vary between Sinuses in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common and potentially debilitating disease characterized by inflammation of the sinus mucosa for longer than 12 weeks. Bacterial colonization of the sinuses and its role in the pathogenesis of this disease is an ongoing area of research. Recent advances in culture-independent molecular techniques for bacterial identification have the potential to provide a more accurate and complete assessment of the sinus microbiome, however there is little concordance in results between studies, possibly due to differences in the sampling location and techniques.

Bacterial Profiling Reveals Novel "Ca. Neoehrlichia", Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma Species in Australian Human-Biting Ticks.

In Australia, a conclusive aetiology of Lyme disease-like illness in human patients remains elusive, despite growing numbers of people presenting with symptoms attributed to tick bites. In the present study, we surveyed the microbial communities harboured by human-biting ticks from across Australia to identify bacteria that may contribute to this syndrome. Universal PCR primers were used to amplify the V1-2 hyper-variable region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in DNA samples from individual Ixodes holocyclus (n = 279), Amblyomma triguttatum (n = 167), Haemaphysalis bancrofti (n = 7), and H.

Interrater agreement between expert and novice in measuring inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility index.

Background: In critical care medicine, US views of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and its change with respiration are used to estimate the intravascular volume status of unwell patients and, in particular, to answer the question: 'Is this patient likely to be fluid responsive?' Most commonly in the literature, the subxiphisternal (SX) window in the longitudinal plane is utilised. To date, no study has specifically assessed interrater agreement in estimating IVC diameter between emergency medicine specialists (experts) and trainees (learners).

Objectives: To determine the interrater agreement between an expert (senior emergency specialist with US qualifications) and learner (emergency medicine trainee) when measuring IVC diameter (IVCD) and IVC collapsibility index (IVCCI) in the SX longitudinal US window in healthy volunteers.

Clinical evaluation of nares-vocal cord distance and its correlation with various external body parameters.

Background And Aims: The optimal visualisation of vocal cords during fibreoptic intubation may be utilised for the nares-vocal cord distance (NVD) estimation. The present study was conducted to measure NVD and to correlate with various external body parameters.

Methods: This study was conducted on 50 males and 50 females.

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: an overlooked cause of foot deformity.

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the most common cause of adult acquired flatfoot. Degenerative changes in this tendon, lead to pain and weakness and if not identified and treated will progress to deformity of the foot and degenerative changes in the surrounding joints. Patients will complain of medial foot pain, weakness, and a slowly progressive foot deformity.

Emergency nurses' perceptions of the role of confidence, self-efficacy and reflexivity in managing the cognitively impaired older person in pain.

Aims And Objectives: The study aimed to explore the practice of care among emergency nurses caring for older persons with cognitive impairment and who presented in pain from a long bone fracture, to highlight nurse confidence and self-efficacy in practice.

Background: Cognitive impairment is an issue increasingly facing emergency departments. Older persons with cognitive impairment have complex care needs, requiring effective clinical decision-making and provision of care.

Stefan Jellinek (1871-1968): The only professor of electro-pathology.

The exploding use of electricity in homes and industry in the second half of the 19th century was accompanied by many injuries and fatalities from electric currents. Their study by my father was the serendipitous outcome of his early work on possible blood pressure changes from electric currents in a career that started in internal medicine. It became his limited field of electro-pathology which embraced first aid, the care of the injured, histopathology and accident prevention.

Changing patterns of injury associated with low-energy falls in the elderly: a 10-year analysis at an Australian Major Trauma Centre.

Background: The rate of hospitalization in elderly patients because of falls is increasing. The objective of this study was to investigate long-term trends in injury profiles of low-energy falls and to identify injuries associated with need for in-patient rehabilitation.

Methods: A single-centre retrospective study was performed at an inner city Major Trauma Centre in Sydney.

Effects of food colouring added to 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 70% alcohol for surgical site antisepsis.

Preoperative cleansing of a patient's skin with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in alcohol is superior to cleansing with povidone-iodine for preventing surgical site infection (SSI) after clean-contaminated surgery (Darouilche et al 2010). However, 2% CHG in 70% alcohol, tinted pink, is colourless when applied to limbs for surgery and complete coverage cannot be assured. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of food colouring added to CHG in preoperative skin preparation.

A prospective comparative pilot study comparing the urine collection pad with clean catch urine technique in non-toilet-trained children.

Introduction: There are many different methods for collecting urine from paediatric patients in emergency departments. Therefore, the aims of the study were to:

Methods: The three month study was a prospective non-randomised comparative paediatric pilot study. A purposeful sample of children, requiring a urine microscopy for clinical management, presenting to one district emergency department was enrolled in the study to compare two non-invasive techniques of urine collection.

Application techniques for plaster of paris back slab, resting splint, and thumb spica using ridged reinforcement.

Immobilization of fractures with plaster of Paris is a mainstay of management of stable, nondisplaced fractures not requiring fixation. However, application techniques can be variable and are often ineffective after the patient is discharged because of weakness and wear of the plaster. This can lead to displacement of fractures and inadequate analgesia.

Patella osteotomy: a new approach for complex trauma around the knee.

Complex floating knee injuries, comprising complete articular distal femur and proximal tibia fractures, are a significant challenge in Orthopedic Traumatology. Traditional surgical approaches can result in a limited exposure, compromising osteosynthesis, with an extensive soft tissue dissection predisposing to adhesion of the quadriceps and arthrofibrosis. The Patella Osteotomy technique provides unrivaled visualization of the articular surfaces of the knee, with a limited soft tissue dissection to permit the anatomical reconstruction of the articular injury, while minimizing the risk of postsurgical complications and reducing intraoperative fluoroscopy time.

Novel approach of medialization thyroplasty with arytenoid adduction performed under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask.

Objective: To objectively assess the voice outcomes of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis treated with medialization thyroplasty and arytenoid adduction suture.

Study Design: Case series of patients who underwent medialization thyroplasty and arytenoid adduction suture. Preoperative and postoperative voice testing was performed and the data were compared by statistical analysis.

Technique of temporoparietal fascia flap in ear and lateral skull base surgery.

Objectives: The temporoparietal fascia (TPF) is a distinct anatomic layer of the lateral scalp with a defined blood supply. The TPF flap has desirable properties for otologic surgery: high malleability, distinct vascularity, and close proximity to the temporal bone. This article describes our technique for preserving the TPF in approaches to the temporal bone and its subsequent use in otologic reconstructive surgery.

Residual adenoid tissue post-curettage: role of nasopharyngoscopy in adenoidectomy.

Objective: Curettage adenoidectomy is one of the most common methods of adenoidectomy. This study reports the incidence of residual adenoid tissue after curettage and grades the degree of post-nasal space obstruction using fibre-optic nasopharyngoscopy.

Methods: A retrospective study of 425 consecutive patients undergoing curette adenoidectomy in a 5-year period.