Oxidized phospholipid and transcriptomic signatures of THC-related vaping associated lung injury.

E-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) is strongly associated with vitamin E acetate and often occurs with concomitant tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use. To uncover pathways associated with EVALI, we examined cytokines, transcriptomic signatures, and lipidomic profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from THC-EVALI patients. At a single center, we prospectively enrolled mechanically ventilated patients with EVALI from THC-containing products (N = 4) and patients with non-vaping acute lung injury and airway controls (N = 5).

Regulation of metastatic organotropism.

Metastasis is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. Different cancers have their own preferential sites of metastases, a phenomenon termed metastatic organotropism. The mechanisms underlying organotropism are multifactorial and include the generation of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN), metastatic homing, colonization, dormancy, and metastatic outgrowth.

Affective predictors of social support in individuals with schizophrenia.

Background: Social Support has been found to contribute to lower mental illness burden, higher treatment adherence, enhanced social functioning, and better quality of life. Individuals with schizophrenia report lower social support compared to non-clinical populations, yet the factors contributing to this discrepancy are not fully clear. Specifically, the person-related variables that may enhance or hinder SS in people with schizophrenia are unknown.

A neurodegenerative cellular stress response linked to dark microglia and toxic lipid secretion.

The brain's primary immune cells, microglia, are a leading causal cell type in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the mechanisms by which microglia can drive neurodegeneration remain unresolved. Here, we discover that a conserved stress signaling pathway, the integrated stress response (ISR), characterizes a microglia subset with neurodegenerative outcomes.

Adolescent vs. Young Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis patients: how different are their two year postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes?

Purpose: To compare the long-term outcomes among AIS (10-18 years) and young AdIS (YAdIS) (19-40 years) patients with minimum 2 year follow up.

Methods: A retrospective review of AIS and YAdIS patients who underwent primary corrective surgery at a single center was conducted. Demographic, radiographic, operative data, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), including the ODI and SRS-22r, and long-term complications were collected.

Experience of Intimate Partner Violence-Related Head Trauma and Its Association With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptoms Among Community Dwelling Women and Men.

Individuals who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) often report posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms and IPV-related head trauma (IPV-HT), which can also affect mental health. We aimed to estimate rates of IPV-HT and examine the unique associations of IPV, HT, and IPV-HT with PTSD and depression symptom severity in a community-based sample of cohabitating couples. A total of 413 participants (216 women, 1 non-binary) self-reported lifetime history of HT and physical IPV.

Clinical Inertia in the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension Following Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.

Background: Clinical inertia is common when blood pressure (BP) is high in the office. Little is known about the extent of clinical inertia after ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM).

Methods: This was an electronic health record-based retrospective cohort study of patients with high office BP (≥140/90 mmHg) referred for ABPM at a medical center in New York City between 2016 and 2020.

The contributions of relative brain viscosity to brain function and health.

Magnetic resonance elastography has emerged over the last two decades as a non-invasive method for quantitatively measuring the mechanical properties of the brain. Since the inception of the technology, brain stiffness has been the primary metric used to describe brain microstructural mechanics. However, more recently, a secondary measure has emerged as both theoretical and experimental significance, which is the ratio of tissue viscosity relative to tissue elasticity.

Evaluating the transition of adolescents and young adults with palliative care needs from pediatric to adult care.

Background: The transition from pediatric to adult healthcare poses significant challenges for adolescents and young adults (AYA), especially those with chronic conditions, yet most children receive inadequate transition preparation. Research on the transition for patients receiving palliative care services is particularly limited. We sought to address this gap in the literature.

The role of the psychedelic experience in psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression.

Objective: To determine the relationships between psilocybin dose, psychedelic experiences, and therapeutic outcome in treatment-resistant depression.

Methods: For treatment-resistant depression, 233 participants received a single dose of 25, 10, or 1 mg of COMP360 psilocybin (a proprietary, pharmaceutical-grade synthesized psilocybin formulation, developed by the sponsor, Compass Pathfinder Ltd.) with psychological support.

Consensus Radiation Treatment Planning Guidelines Utilizing (68)Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for Resected Meningiomas.

Background: Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor. Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR 2) is almost universally expressed in meningioma tissue. For patients who require adjuvant radiation, SSTR based (68)Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can detect additional or residual disease not discernible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Decreasing Agitation in Neurodiverse Patients with Mental Health Concerns.

Purpose: Children and adolescents are experiencing a mental health crisis. Neurodiverse patients have high rates of mental health conditions and worse outcomes. To address this disparity, the Autism Spectrum Disorder Care Pathway was applied to a pediatric emergency department (PED) and Observation Unit (OU) in order to decrease agitation experienced by these patients.

Adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC): progress, at last.

In the United States, there is expected to be about 82,000 cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 2024. At diagnosis, approximately 65% of patients with RCC will have disease localized to the kidney. For decades, the standard of care for patients with localized RCC has been surgery, which is often curative, followed by radiographic surveillance.

Covered Stent Correction for Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defects, an Emerging Alternative to Surgical Repair: Results of an International Registry.

Background: Covered stent correction for a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) was first performed in 2009. This innovative approach was initially viewed as experimental and was reserved for highly selected patients with unusual anatomic variants. In 2016, increasing numbers of procedures began to be performed, and in several centers, it is now offered as a standard of care option alongside surgical repair.

Exploring Gender Differences in Receipt of the 5As for Smoking Cessation for Recently-Diagnosed Cancer Patients (ECOG-ACRIN EAQ171CD).

Introduction: Smoking cessation is important for men and women diagnosed with cancer. Oncology clinicians should encourage all patients to quit and offer resources to help them do so, following the 5As framework (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up).

Method: This study tests gender differences in self-reported receipt of the 5As by an oncology provider among 306 recently-diagnosed male and female cancer patients.

Labor and delivery unit practices and racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity among nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies.

Persistent racial and ethnic disparities exist in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity, which may be due in part to differences in labor and delivery unit practices across hospitals. We used data collected from 184 hospitals in California (2015-2018) to assess whether nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies differ by race and ethnicity in giving birth at hospitals that tend to use lower-interventional labor and delivery unit practices, and whether such differences contribute to disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity. We classified labor and delivery units as higher- or lower-interventional based on a latent class analysis of survey responses about the frequency of using lower-interventional practices.

The expanding landscape of genetic causes of obesity.

Obesity and weight regulation disorders are determined by the combined effects of genetics and environment. Polygenic obesity results from the combination of common variants in several genes which predisposes the individual to obesity and its related complications. In contrast, monogenic obesity results from changes in single genes, especially those in leptin-melanocortin pathway, and presents with early onset severe obesity, with or without other syndromic features.

Access to Primary Care Telemedicine and Visit Characterization in a Pediatric, Low-Income, Primarily Latino Population: Retrospective Study.

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has been widely integrated into primary care pediatrics. While initial studies showed some concern for disparities in telemedicine use, telemedicine uptake for pediatric patients in a low-income, primarily Latino community over a sustained period has yet to be described.

Objective: We aimed to assess the relationship between demographics, patient portal activation, and telemedicine visits, as well as characterize diagnoses addressed in telemedicine, in a low-income, primarily Latino population over time.

Home dialysis: there's no place like home.

Purpose Of Review: The rapid rise in incidence and prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) over the past 50 years was matched by a drop-off in use of home dialysis and a proliferation of in-center hemodialysis across the United States. There is renewed interest in improving access to home dialysis modalities for patients with ESKD. The aim of this review is to update kidney care providers with clinical outcome data and new guidelines that promote patient-centered choices, and to address barriers to home dialysis uptake and continued use.