Cellular immune response against rabies vaccination in laboratory-bred dogs: A systematised review.

The immunogenicity of rabies vaccines is commonly measured by serological testing, which includes measuring rabies virus-neutralising antibody titre levels in the serum. Apart from humoral immunity, cellular immunity measurements are also helpful in assessing the immunogenicity and efficacy of rabies vaccinations. Recently, there has been an increased emphasis on cellular immunity measurements against rabies in humans and animals.

Early surgical intervention for Parsonage-Turner Syndrome after COVID-19 infection results in improved outcomes.

Parsonage-Turner Syndrome after COVID-19 infection or vaccination is rare. Motor, sensory deficits and neuropathic pain may result from inflammation and compression around the brachial plexus. Early surgical intervention in patients with significant motor deficits may result in improved outcomes.

2024 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Three Way-Cross Validation; Urine Clinical Analysis; Automated Methods; Regulatory Queries on Plasma Protein Binding; Automated Biospecimen Management; ELN Migration; Ultra-Sensitivity Mass Spectrometry ( - Recommendations on Advanced Strategies for Mass Spectrometry Assays, Chromatography, Sample Preparation and BMV/Regulated Bioanalysis - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV).

The 18 Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (18 WRIB) took place in San Antonio, TX, USA on May 6-10, 2024. Over 1100 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 18 WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.

Multiple gene-deletion vaccinia virus Tiantan strain against mpox.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an important zoonotic pathogenic virus, which poses serious threats to public health. MPXV infection can be prevented by immunization against the variola virus. Because of the safety risks and side effects of vaccination with live vaccinia virus (VACV) strain Tian Tan (VTT), we constructed two gene-deleted VTT recombinants (TTVAC7 and TTVC5).

Health extension workers job satisfaction and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ethiopian healthcare relies heavily on Health Extension Workers (HEWs), who deliver essential services to communities nationwide. By analyzing existing research, the authors explore how prevalent job satisfaction is and what factors affect it. This comprehensive analysis aims to improve HEW satisfaction through targeted interventions, ultimately leading to a more effective healthcare workforce and better health outcomes in Ethiopia.

Comparative study on the inactivation and immunogenicity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis vaccines prepared using different inactivants.

The present study aimed to investigate the optimal inactivants and inactivation conditions for preparing inactivated vaccines of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Mycoplasma inactivation was performed using formaldehyde, thimerosal, β-propiolactone (BPL), and binary ethylenimine (BEI) and compared. The results showed that M.

Genetically attenuated parasites show promise as a next-generation malaria vaccine.

Metabolically active, genetically attenuated Plasmodium falciparum parasite lines are promising second-generation malaria vaccine candidates. Lamers et al. and Roozen et al.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody positivity on infection and hospitalisation rates in immunosuppressed populations during the omicron period: the MELODY study.

Background: In the UK, booster COVID-19 vaccinations have been recommended biannually to people considered immune vulnerable. We investigated, at a population level, whether the absence of detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody (anti-S Ab) following three or more vaccinations in immunosuppressed individuals was associated with greater risks of infection and severity of infection.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study using UK national disease registers, we recruited participants with solid organ transplants (SOTs), rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RAIRDs), and lymphoid malignancies.

Development of a blocking ELISA for evaluating neutralizing antibodies in human and canine serum based on rabies virus glycoprotein epitope I.

Rabies virus (RABV) is extremely hazardous to both humans and animals, causing up to 100 % death. Accurate and easy-to-use serological evaluation of vaccine potency following immunization is crucial for rabies control. In this study, recombinant RABV glycoprotein (rG) was designed and produced in 293FT cells.

Beyond Chemotherapy: Exploring 5-FU Resistance and Stemness in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, demanding continuous advancements in treatment strategies. This review explores the complexities of targeting colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the mechanisms contributing to resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The efficacy of 5-FU is enhanced by combination therapies such as FOLFOXIRI and targeted treatments like bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab, particularly in KRAS wild-type tumors, despite associated toxicity.

CXCR4 antagonist-loaded nanoparticles reprogram the tumor microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death that has limited treatment options for advanced stages. Although PD-1 inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for advanced HCC treatment, their effectiveness is often hampered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which is due to hypoxia-driven CXCL12/CXCR4 axis activation. In this study, we developed 807-NPs, lipid-coated tannic acid (TA) nanoparticles that encapsulate BPRCX807, a potent CXCR4 antagonist to target HCC.

Association between prenatal depressive symptoms and receipt of recommended maternal and infant care postpartum.

Background: Maternal mental health can impact health care access and utilization for both the birthing parent and infant. We examined the association between prenatal depressive symptoms (episodic and chronic) and receipt of the postpartum 6-week visit and infant vaccinations in the first year postpartum.

Methods: Postpartum individuals (N = 672) who attended Expect With Me group prenatal care in Nashville, Tennessee and Detroit, Michigan completed surveys during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, as well as 6- and 12- months postpartum.

A mixed method evaluation of a novel targeted health messaging intervention to promote COVID-19 protective behaviours and vaccination among Black and South Asian communities living in the UK (The COBHAM study).

Aim: To evaluate an intervention (a film and electronic leaflet) disseminated via text message by general practices to promote COVID-19 preventative behaviours in Black and South Asian communities.

Methods: We carried out a before-and-after questionnaire study of attitudes to and implementation of COVID-19 preventative behaviours and qualitative interviews about the intervention with people registered with 26 general practices in England who identified as Black or South Asian.

Results: In the 108 people who completed both questionnaires, we found no significant change in attitudes to and implementation of COVID-19 preventative behaviours, although power was too low to detect significant effects.

Integrative deep immune profiling of the elderly reveals systems-level signatures of aging, sex, smoking, and clinical traits.

Background: Aging increases disease susceptibility and reduces vaccine responsiveness, highlighting the need to better understand the aging immune system and its clinical associations. Studying the human immune system, however, remains challenging due to its complexity and significant inter-individual variability.

Methods: We conducted an immune profiling study of 550 elderly participants (≥60 years) and 100 young controls (20-40 years) from the RESIST Senior Individuals (SI) cohort.

Recombinant probiotic Escherichia coli delivers the polymeric protein of swine influenza virus for protection.

Swine influenza virus invades the host through the respiratory mucosa, which severely restricts the development of the pig breeding industry. To construct monomeric and trimeric vaccines, we developed recombinant Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) strains that express the receptor binding site (RBS) of the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen from H1N1 swine influenza virus. After the mucosal immunization of mice, we found that probiotics activated CD40 and CD86 in DCs and increased the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ secretion by T cells.

Characterization of a cell-adapted completely attenuated genotype GIIa porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused significant harm to the global pig industry since its discovery. In this study, a highly pathogenic strain of GIIa PEDV CH/HBXT/2018, isolated previously, was continuously passaged in Vero cells up to passage (P)240, resulting in a completely attenuated virus. The proliferation characteristics of different passages of the strain in Vero cells, pathogenicity in newborn piglets, and mutations in S gene sequence indicated that as the passage number increased, the replication efficiency of PEDV in Vero cells gradually improved, with a more pronounced cytopathic effect.

Subphenotypes of Long COVID and the clinical applications of probiotics.

As the number of infections and deaths attributable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to rise, it is now becoming apparent that the health impacts of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may not be limited to infection and the subsequent resolution of symptoms. Reports have shown that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection may experience multiple symptoms across different organ systems that are associated with adverse health outcomes and develop new cardiac, renal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and nervous conditions, a condition known as Long COVID or the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This review provides insights into distinct subphenotypes of Long COVID and identifies microbiota dysbiosis as a common theme and crucial target for future therapies.

Inequality in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake: A repeated cross-sectional analysis of COVID vaccine acceptance and uptake in 13 countries.

Background COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was a key barrier to ending the pandemic via mass immunisation. Objectives Assess magnitudes and differences in socioeconomic inequality in stated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (hesitancy) and uptake. Methods Online surveys were conducted in 13 countries, collecting data from 15,337 and 18,189 respondents respectively.