Unraveling Cardiovascular Risks and Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review.

The rapid development and deployment of mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have played a pivotal role in mitigating the global pandemic. Despite their success in reducing severe disease outcomes, emerging concerns about cardiovascular complications have raised questions regarding their safety. This systematic review critically evaluates the evidence on the cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 vaccines, assessing both their protective and adverse impacts, while considering the challenges posed by the limited availability of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data on these rare adverse events.

Rationale and Ethical Assessment of an Oropharyngeal Gonorrhoea Controlled Human Infection Model.

Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhoea, causes significant morbidity worldwide and can have long-term impacts on reproductive health. The greatest global burden of gonorrhoea occurs in low- and middle-income settings. Global public health significance is increasing due to rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which threatens future gonorrhoea management.

More than meets the eye: Understanding the importance of the materialities of care at the vaccination encounter in Portugal.

Caring practices during vaccination encounters are deeply interwoven with materiality, encompassing everyday objects and elements that play a crucial role for all actors involved. However, the significance of these materialities in shaping caring relationships within vaccination practices has been largely overlooked. This research seeks to fill that gap by exploring how mundane elements, such as the objects present during vaccination, contribute to the relational dynamics of the experience.

Multifunctional Mycobacterial Topoisomerases with Distinctive Features.

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major cause of death worldwide despite having an effective combinatorial therapeutic regimen and vaccine. Being one of the most successful human pathogens, retains the ability to adapt to diverse intracellular and extracellular environments encountered by it during infection, persistence, and transmission. Designing and developing new therapeutic strategies to counter the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB remains a major task.

Study of Children Aged Under 2 Years Admitted With RSV at Four Australian Hospitals [2021-2022].

Aims: Primary aim was to review severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) hospitalisations caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children aged < 2 years in paediatric hospitals in Australia. Secondary aims included RSV subtyping, assessing RSV seasonality and contributing to the World Health Organisation's RSV surveillance programme.

Methods: We prospectively reviewed the medical records of children (< 2 years of age) with a confirmed SARI who were admitted to one of four major Australian paediatric hospitals and had a respiratory sample analysed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

MPXV: Update on Morphological and Morphogenesis Aspects Through Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopies and 3D Reconstruction.

An unprecedented global outbreak caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) prompted the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency of international concern on July 23, 2022. Therapeutics and vaccines for MPXV are not widely available, necessitating further studies, particularly in drug repurposing area. To this end, the standardization of in vitro infection systems is essential.

Towards an HCV vaccine: an overview of the immunization strategies for eliciting an effective B-cell response.

Introduction: 58 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are at risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Direct-acting antivirals are highly effective; however, they are burdened by high costs and the unchanged risk of HCC and reinfection, making prophylactic countermeasures an urgent medical need. HCV high genetic diversity is one of the main obstacles to vaccine development.

Strategies for introducing and implementing vaccines for adults into national immunization programs in Europe: Good practices and key insights of the adult immunization board meeting.

In April 2024, the Adult Immunization Board convened a technical meeting to explore the latest strategies and identify exemplary approaches regarding the implementation of vaccines for adults into Europe's National Immunization Programs (NIPs). The meeting was built around three pillars: decision making for introducing a new vaccine, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The increasing number of new vaccines available in a context of competing health priorities warrants transparent and evidence-based decision-making processes for vaccine introduction.

The mRNA-1647 vaccine: A promising step toward the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection (CMV).

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital infections and significant health complications in immunocompromised individuals. With no licensed CMV vaccine available, the development of the mRNA-1647 offers promising advancements in CMV prevention. We have reviewed results from Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials of the mRNA-1647 vaccine, demonstrating robust immune responses in both seronegative and seropositive participants.

Evaluation of preventive medicine amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus attending a hospital-based care setting.

Background: With improved outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to the use of anti-retroviral therapy, ensuring adequate preventative healthcare and management of HIV-related comorbidities is essential.

Aims: To evaluate adherence with recommended guidelines for comorbidity and immunisation status screening amongst people living with HIV within a hospital-based setting across two timepoints.

Methods: A single-centre retrospective case series was conducted at a hospital between 2011 and 2021.

Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take.

Bacterial flagellin, a potent intestinal innate immune activator, prevents murine rotavirus (RV) infection independent of adaptive immunity and interferons. The flagellin-induced immunity is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR5) and Nod-like receptor C4 (NLRC4), which elicit the production of interleukins 22 (IL-22) and IL-18, respectively. Here, we assessed whether a high abundance of flagellin at the time of vaccination would negatively affect the oral RV vaccine take.

Construction of a Vero cell line expression human KREMEN1 for the development of CVA6 vaccines.

Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as a major pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks worldwide. The CVA6 epidemic poses a new challenge in HFMD control since there is currently no vaccine available against CVA6 infections. The Vero cell line has been widely used in vaccine production, particularly in the preparation of viral vaccines, including poliovirus vaccines and EV71 vaccines.

Integrating malaria vaccine and CRISPR/Cas9 gene drive: a comprehensive strategy for accelerated malaria eradication.

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, despite ongoing efforts to eradicate the disease. Recent advancements, including the rollout of malaria vaccines, such as RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M™, offer new avenues for prevention. However, the rise of resistance to anti-malarial medications necessitates innovative strategies.

M cells targeted H. pylori antigen SAM-FAdE displayed on bacterium-like particles induce protective immunity.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a specific bacterium capable of surviving in the acidic environment of the stomach, has been recognized as a group of causative agents of gastric cancer. Therefore, the development of mucosal vaccines against H.

Mobile health clinics in a rural setting: a cost analysis and time motion study of La Clínica in Oregon, United States.

Background: Mobile Health Clinics (MHCs) are an alternate form of healthcare delivery that may ameliorate current rural-urban health disparities in chronic diseases and have downstream impacts on the health system by reducing costs. Evaluations of providers' time allocation on MHCs are scarce, hindering knowledge transfer related to MHC implementation strategies.

Methods: Retrospective economic cost was assessed using business ledgers and expert assessments in 2023 US Dollar (USD) from 2022 to 2023.

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) complex associated with torpedo retinopathy following COVID-19 recombinant mRNA vaccination: a case report of a rare clinical presentation.

Background: While vaccination remains crucial in mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, several ocular adverse events has been reported, including Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR) complex.

Case Presentation: A 31-year-old female presented declined best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and flashes in both eyes three days following second recombinant mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Moderna). Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) illustrated speckled hyper-AF lesions surrounding right eye torpedo maculopathy site and hyper-AF lesions in the left macula.

Effectiveness of a 2-dose varicella vaccination program in Changzhou, China, during the transitional period (2017-2022): a registry-based case-cohort study.

Background: The benefits of improving coverage and timeliness of varicella vaccination need to be quantified in countries where varicella vaccine (VarV) has not yet been included in national immunization programs. This longitudinal study analyzed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the varicella vaccination program implemented in Changzhou City during the transitional period (2017-2022).

Methods: Using the Immunization Information System and National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System registry data, this retrospective case-cohort study assessed the VEs of varicella vaccination for Changzhou children born from 2016 to 2021.

Are psychological attitudes towards vaccination an expression of personality? A cross-sectional study on COVID-19 vaccination in France.

Background: The capacity of the 7C model's psychological antecedents, which include confidence in vaccines, complacency, convenience, calculation, collective responsibility, confidence in the wider system, and social conformism, to explain variance in COVID-19 vaccine intentions and behaviours has been documented. However, it remains unclear whether the attitudes represented by the 7C psychological antecedents are specific to vaccination or if they are, in fact, an expression of underlying personality traits.

Methods: From February to June 2022, French adults completed self-administered questionnaires assessing COVID-19 vaccination history, the 7C antecedents, and personality traits ("ComCor" and "Cognitiv" studies).

Tracking acute flaccid paralysis in Niger: a half-decade epidemiological portrait (2016-2021).

Background: Recently, a total of 74 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks were detected in 39 countries, with 672 confirmed Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases identified in 27 countries. Despite progress, Niger experienced cVDPV outbreaks in 2018, highlighting the importance of maintaining AFP surveillance as a tool for polio eradication. This analysis aims to comprehensively assess AFP surveillance trends, patterns, and challenges in Niger, offering insights for public health initiatives in conflict-affected contexts.

The incidence of radiologically verified community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation in adults living in southern Sweden, 2016-2018: a population-based study.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was one of the most common causes of death in the European Union in 2017. Severity and mortality of CAP increase with age and an aging European population will require increased planning for prevention, control, and management of CAP. The purpose of this study was to provide an updated population-based estimate of the incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization in Northern Europe.

Tucatinib and trastuzumab in HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer: a phase 2 basket trial.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, also known as ERBB2) signaling promotes cell growth and differentiation, and is overexpressed in several tumor types, including breast, gastric and colorectal cancer. HER2-targeted therapies have shown clinical activity against these tumor types, resulting in regulatory approvals. However, the efficacy of HER2 therapies in tumors with HER2 mutations has not been widely investigated.

Immunogenic dying cells elicit potent anti-tumor T cell immunity against lung metastasis and tumorigenesis.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) are promising, however they do not fit all types of tumor, such as those lack of tumor antigens. Induction of potent anti-tumor T cell immunity is critical for cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of immunotherapy via the immunogenic cell death (ICD) dying tumor cells in mouse models of lung metastasis and tumorigenesis.

The Effects of Motivational Interviewing on Promoting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Initiation and Completion Among South Asian Mother/Daughter Dyads: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: Vaccination against HPV is an effective strategy for the prevention of HPV infection and cervical cancer. Nevertheless, the HPV vaccine uptake rate is low among ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. This study sought to assess the feasibility and acceptability of motivational interviewing among South Asian mother-daughter dyads and to preliminarily examine its effects on knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination, health beliefs, intention to have the daughters vaccinated, and initiation and completion of HPV vaccine series.

Norovirus replication, host interactions and vaccine advances.

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide in all age groups and cause significant disease and economic burden globally. To date, no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies are available to treat or prevent HuNoV illness. Several candidate vaccines are in clinical trials, although potential barriers to successful development must be overcome.