293,082 results match your criteria: "Va; Virginia Commonwealth University[Affiliation]"

Filter feeding in devil rays is highly sensitive to morphology.

Proc Biol Sci

January 2025

Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, 9505 North Ocean Shore Boulevard, St Augustine, FL 3208, USA.

Mobulid rays (manta and devil rays) use a highly specialized filtering apparatus to separate plankton food particles from seawater. Recent studies have indicated that captive vortices form within the microscale pores of the filter, which enhance filtration efficiency through a novel mechanism referred to as ricochet separation. The high throughput and clog resistance of this filtration process have led to the development of several bioinspired engineered filtration systems.

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Background: The optimal target for partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) remains uncertain in patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Research Question: Are PaCO₂ levels associated with functional outcomes in patients receiving VA-ECMO after OHCA?

Study Design: and Methods: This multicenter, registry-based observational study, conducted from 2014 to 2020, included non-traumatic adult OHCA patients on VA-ECMO with PaCO₂ levels measured within six hours of initiation (initial PaCO₂ set) and at 18-30 hours post-initiation (24-hour PaCO₂ set). PaCO₂ levels were categorized into five groups: hypocapnia (<30 mmHg), low normocapnia (30-<40 mmHg), high normocapnia (40-<50 mmHg), mild hypercapnia (50-<60 mmHg), and moderate to severe hypercapnia (≥60 mmHg).

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Department of Defense Military Treatment Facility and Community Care Costs After Traumatic Brain Injury in Service Members and Veterans Treated in Veterans Affairs Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers: A VA TBI Model Systems Study.

J Head Trauma Rehabil

January 2025

Author Affiliations: Health Economic Resource Center (HERC), VA Palo Alto Care System, Menlo Park, California (Dr Dismuke-Greer); Research Department, Craig Hospital, Englewood, Colorado; Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Data and Statistical Center, Englewood, Colorado (Ms Almeida); Tampa VA Research and Education Foundation at James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (Dr Ryan); Chief of Staff Office and TBI Center of Excellence at James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (Dr Nakase-Richardson).

Objective: To estimate cost models of military traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can provide evidence for future cost-effectiveness analyses highlighted as a gap in the recent National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report on accelerating progress in TBI.

Setting: Military Treatment Facilities (MTFs) and community care facilities within the Military Health System (MHS).

Participants: 1,101 service members/veterans (SMV) diagnosed with a TBI and treated at a Veterans Administration (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center (PRC).

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The interplay between two major forebrain structures-cortex and subcortical striatum-is critical for flexible, goal-directed action. Traditionally, it has been proposed that striatum is critical for selecting what type of action is initiated, while the primary motor cortex is involved in specifying the continuous parameters of an upcoming/ongoing movement. Recent data indicate that striatum may also be involved in specification.

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Introduction: A population-based survey of the prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment among people 50 years and older living in the State of Qatar.

Methods: A Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology, applied from May 2022 to June 2023, utilized stratified two-stage cluster random sampling to select 5060 persons 50 years and older resident in Qatar from 145 communities chosen by probability proportional to size. Communities were stratified by Qatari and non-Qatari nationality.

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Diabetes presents a significant challenge to healthcare due to the short- and long-term complications associated with poor blood sugar control. Computer simulation platforms have emerged as promising tools for advancing diabetes therapy by simulating patient responses to treatments in a virtual environment. The University of Virginia Virtual Lab (UVLab) is a new simulation platform engineered to mimic the metabolic behavior of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a mathematical model of glucose homeostasis in T2D and a large population of 6062 virtual subjects.

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Ternary stochastic neuron - implemented with a single strained magnetostrictive nanomagnet.

Nanotechnology

January 2025

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA, Richmond, 23284, UNITED STATES.

Stochastic neurons are extremely efficient hardware for solving a large class of problems and usually come in two varieties - "binary" where the neuronal state varies randomly between two values of ±1 and "analog" where the neuronal state can randomly assume any value between -1 and +1. Both have their uses in neuromorphic computing and both can be implemented with low- or zero-energy-barrier nanomagnets whose random magnetization orientations in the presence of thermal noise encode the binary or analog state variables. In between these two classes is n-ary stochastic neurons, mainly ternary stochastic neurons (TSN) whose state randomly assumes one of three values (-1, 0, +1), which have proved to be efficient in pattern classification tasks such as recognizing handwritten digits from the MNIST data set or patterns from the CIFAR-10 data set.

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Despite negative outcomes, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is not included in model-for-end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores, including MELD3.0. In a national Veterans affairs (VA) database, we studied the additive mortality predictive impact of a documented inpatient overt HE diagnosis on MELD3.

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Survivorship After Cardiogenic Shock.

Circulation

January 2025

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (E.J.H., M.A.F.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.

Advances in critical care therapies for patients with cardiogenic shock (CS), including temporary mechanical circulatory support and multidisciplinary shock teams, have led to improved survival to hospital discharge, ranging from 60% to 70%. After their index hospitalization, however, survivors of CS may continue to face cardiac as well as extracardiac sequelae of these therapies and complications for years to come. Most studies in CS have focused primarily on survival, with limited data on long-term recovery measures among survivors.

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Use of Claims to Assess Outcomes and Treatment Effects in the Evolut Low Risk Trial.

Circ Cardiovasc Interv

January 2025

Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.L., A.T., Y.S., J.S., R.W.Y.).

Background: Food and Drug Administration-mandated postmarket studies for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in low-risk populations plan to use passively collected registry data linked to claims for long-term follow-up out to 10 years. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the validity of these claims-based end points. We sought to evaluate the ability of administrative claims with () codes to identify trial-adjudicated end points and reproduce treatment comparisons of aortic valve replacement in the Evolut Low Risk Trial.

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Insomnia in Patients With Substance Use Disorders: Assessment and Management.

J Psychiatr Pract

January 2025

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

Insomnia, characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or poor sleep quality, is highly prevalent among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). The relationship between the 2 conditions is often bidirectional. We reviewed the impact of various substances (alcohol, stimulants, opioids, and cannabis) on sleep architecture and their potential to contribute to insomnia.

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Life With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: Challenges and Burdens.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab

January 2025

Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.

Context: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition requiring daily medication(s) and attention to details. In addition to daily medications and regular visits with healthcare providers, families may live with perpetual angst regarding unpredictable occurrences of acute adrenal insufficiency. Despite numerous barriers and challenges imposed by this chronic condition, caregivers and healthcare professionals can empower our patients to achieve a good quality of life.

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Reversible Ferroelectric Polarization Modulation of Chiral Molecular Ferroelectrics by Circularly Polarized Light.

Adv Sci (Weinh)

January 2025

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.

The optical modulation of ferroelectric polarization constitutes a transformative, non-contact strategy for the precise manipulation of ferroelectric properties, heralding advancements in optically stimulated ferroelectric devices. Despite its potential, progress in this domain is constrained by material limitations and the intricate nature of the underlying mechanisms. Recent studies have achieved efficient regulation of ferroelectric polarization and thermal conductivity in chiral ferroelectric thin films through the application of left- and right-handed circularly polarized light (LCP and RCP).

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Objective: Data extraction from the published literature is the most laborious step in conducting living systematic reviews (LSRs). We aim to build a generalizable, automated data extraction workflow leveraging large language models (LLMs) that mimics the real-world 2-reviewer process.

Materials And Methods: A dataset of 10 trials (22 publications) from a published LSR was used, focusing on 23 variables related to trial, population, and outcomes data.

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Comparative Effectiveness of Individual Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors.

JAMA Intern Med

January 2025

Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Importance: Evidence on cardiovascular benefits and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is mainly from placebo-controlled trials. Therefore, the comparative effectiveness and safety of individual SGLT-2 inhibitors remain unknown.

Objective: To compare the use of canagliflozin or dapagliflozin with empagliflozin for a composite outcome (myocardial infarction [MI] or stroke), heart failure hospitalization, MI, stroke, all-cause death, and safety outcomes, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lower-limb amputation, bone fracture, severe urinary tract infection (UTI), and genital infection and whether effects differed by dosage or cardiovascular disease (CVD) history.

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Introduction: Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases are often treated with pharmacologic therapies that target the immune system and have an increased risk of infection. These risks can be reduced by vaccination against common pathogens. This quality improvement project aimed to increase pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccination rates in patients with chronic inflammatory disease on biologic immunosuppressive therapy.

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Purpose: Head acceleration events (HAEs) are a growing concern in contact sports, prompting two rugby governing bodies to mandate instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). This has resulted in an influx of data imposing financial and time constraints. This study presents two computational methods that leverage a dataset of video-coded match events: cross-correlation synchronisation aligns iMG data to a video recording, by providing playback timestamps for each HAE, enabling analysts to locate them in video footage; and post-synchronisation event matching identifies the coded match event (e.

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Objective: To elucidate the relationship between impaired sleep duration and trauma/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) net of sociodemographic, behavioral, and comorbid diagnostic factors.

Method: We investigated this relationship using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III data set, analyzing a nationally representative sample of 36,309 adults. Our study identified three groups: those without trauma/PTSD, those with trauma but no PTSD, and those with PTSD.

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Introduction: Positionality statements accompanying peer-reviewed publications are increasingly being implemented in academic journals across many disciplines, including psychology. These statements serve as transparent, public acknowledgments of the authors' identities, which can offer valuable insight into the authors' work in the context of their lived experiences and potential biases. However, journal editors and associated staff risk harm by uniformly adopting a policy on positionality statements without consideration of the unintended consequences of implementing such practices.

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The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) developed evidence-informed mental health mobile applications (MH apps) to supplement treatment and serve as self-care resources for veterans.

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To compare the safety and efficacy of antidepressants (AD) among older adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) by assessing treatment change, augmentation and hospitalization rates. This retrospective study analyzed data from the Veterans Affairs (VA) database, including 142,138 patients aged ≥60 years diagnosed with MDD. Patients prescribed bupropion, citalopram, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, mirtazapine, paroxetine, sertraline, or venlafaxine were included.

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High Cirrhosis Surgical Volume Centers have Reduced Postoperative Mortality in Patients with Cirrhosis Undergoing Major Surgery.

Am J Gastroenterol

January 2025

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Patients with cirrhosis have increased surgical risk and require care team expertise. We explored the association between center cirrhosis surgical volume and post-operative mortality in a large VA dataset. In this retrospective cohort study of 14,500 major surgeries in patients with cirrhosis, we found in adjusted analysis that high-volume centers (>16 surgeries in past year) had a 36% reduced hazard of post-operative mortality through 90 days versus low-volume centers (<9 surgeries in past year; hazard ratio 0.

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Viral infections are characterized by dispersal from an initial site to secondary locations within the host. How the resultant spatial heterogeneity shapes within-host genetic diversity and viral evolutionary pathways is poorly understood. Here, we show that virus dispersal within and between the nasal cavity and trachea maintains diversity and is therefore conducive to adaptive evolution, whereas dispersal to the lungs gives rise to population heterogeneity.

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