Host size overrides maternal effects on the development of a secondary hyperparasitoid wasp.

Unraveling the numerous factors that drive phenotypic variation in trait expression among animals has long presented a significant challenge. Whereas traits like growth and adult size are often heritable and are passed on from one generation to the next, these can be significantly affected by the quality and quantity of resources provided by one or both parents to their offspring. In many vertebrates, such as birds and mammals, parents raise their young until adult, providing food, shelter, and protection.

Neurofilament heavy chain in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Background: Biomarkers are needed to track progression in MS trials. Neurofilament heavy chain (NfH) has been underutilized due to assay limitations.

Objective: To investigate the added value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfH in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) using contemporary immunoassays.

Theoretical impact of a bedside decision-making tool on antibiotic use for suspected neonatal healthcare-associated infection: an observational study.

Background And Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality in hospitalised neonates. Diagnosing neonatal HAI is challenging owing to non-specific symptoms and lack of definitive diagnostic markers, contributing to high rates of inappropriate antibiotic use. This study evaluated the theoretical impact of implementing a bedside tool for decision-making on antibiotic length of therapy (LOT).

Effectiveness of an intensive outpatient treatment programme combining prolonged exposure and EMDR therapy for adolescents and young adults with PTSD in a naturalistic setting.

Psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents and young adults are hampered by high dropout rates. Looking at the results from adult treatments, short, intensive, outpatient treatment programmes may offer a promising alternative, but it has yet to be tested in this young population. To assess the results of a six-day intensive outpatient trauma-focused treatment programme for young individuals (12-25 years) with PTSD.

Palovarotene in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: review and perspective.

Introduction: Palovarotene is a retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist that was studied in phase-2 and phase-3 clinical trials for the inhibition of new heterotopic ossification (HO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Despite numerous setbacks and regulatory delays, palovarotene is now the first approved FOP treatment in the U.S.

Amyloid-related changes in fluency in patients with subjective cognitive decline.

Introduction: We examined semantic and phonemic fluency in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in relation to amyloid status and clinical progression.

Methods: A total of 490 individuals with SCD (62 ± 8 years, 42% female, 28% amyloid-positive, 17% clinical progression) completed annual fluency assessments (mean ± SD follow-up 4.3 ± 2.

Encoding of cerebellar dentate neuron activity during visual attention in rhesus macaques.

The role of cerebellum in controlling eye movements is well established, but its contribution to more complex forms of visual behavior has remained elusive. To study cerebellar activity during visual attention we recorded extracellular activity of dentate nucleus (DN) neurons in two non-human primates (NHPs). NHPs were trained to read the direction indicated by a peripheral visual stimulus while maintaining fixation at the center, and report the direction of the cue by performing a saccadic eye movement into the same direction following a delay.

The (in)dependence of single-cell data inferences on model constructs.

Recent developments in single-cell analysis have revolutionized basic research and have garnered the attention of the forensic domain. Though single-cell analysis is not new to forensics, the ways in which these data can be generated and interpreted are. Modern interpretation strategies report likelihood ratios that rely on a model of the world that is a simplification of it.

An extensive dataset of spiking activity to reveal the syntax of the ventral stream.

Visual neuroscience benefits from high-quality datasets with neuronal responses to many images. Several neuroimaging datasets have been published in recent years, but no comparable dataset with spiking activity exists. Here, we introduce the THINGS ventral stream spiking dataset (TVSD).

Machine learning prediction model for oral mucositis risk in head and neck radiotherapy: a preliminary study.

Purpose: Oral mucositis (OM) reflects a complex interplay of several risk factors. Machine learning (ML) is a promising frontier in science, capable of processing dense information. This study aims to assess the performance of ML in predicting OM risk in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy.

Treatment options for Achilles tendinopathy: a scoping review of preclinical studies.

Background: Achilles tendinopathy (AT) management can be difficult, given the paucity of effective treatment options and the degenerative nature of the condition. Innovative therapies for Achilles tendinopathy are therefore direly needed. New therapeutic developments predominantly begin with preclinical animal and in vitro studies to understand the effects at the molecular level and to evaluate toxicity.

Autonomy support in prenatal consultation: A quantitative observation study in maternity care.

Introduction: Maternity care professionals need to guide women through an increasing number of decision-making processes during pregnancy. Professionals tend to focus more on providing information than on decision support. According to the self-determination theory (SDT), professionals could help women make their own choices by fulfilling their three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness through autonomy-supportive interactions.

A reproducibility study on invasion in small pulmonary adenocarcinoma according to the WHO and a modified classification, supported by biomarkers.

Objectives: Evaluating invasion in non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMA) of the lung is crucial for accurate pT-staging. This study compares the World Health Organization (WHO) with a recently modified NMA classification.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on small NMA pT1N0M0 cases with a 5-year follow-up.

The effectiveness of psychologically-informed physiotherapy for people with neck pain and the mediating role of illness perceptions: a replicated single-case experimental design study.

Purpose: (1) To evaluate the effectiveness of personalised psychologically-informed physiotherapy in people with neck pain; (2) To explore the mediating role of changes in illness perceptions.

Method: In this replicated single-case study, 14 patients with non-specific neck pain at risk for chronicity received a personalised intervention addressing unhelpful illness perceptions and dysfunctional movement behaviour, according to principles of cognitive functional therapy. Outcomes included the mediating role of illness perceptions on overall effect, function, pain intensity and self-efficacy.

A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies: prevention strategies.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to assess the updated literature for the prevention of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies.

Methods: Electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) that investigated interventions to prevent salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia. Literature search began from the 2010 systematic review publications from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) up to February 2024.

Gynecological gender-affirming surgeries: what are the motivations and experiences? A qualitative study.

Background: Although many transmasculine individuals undergo 1 or more gynecological surgeries (ie, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, tubectomy, or colpectomy), little has been published about motivation, subjective experiences, and the effect on dysphoria and quality of life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to acquire an in-depth understanding of patients' motivations and experienced outcomes of gynecological gender surgery.

Methods: In this qualitative study, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted.

The effects of recent stressful life events on outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: results from the longitudinal EU-GEI high-risk study.

Background: Recent stressful life events (SLE) are a risk factor for psychosis, but limited research has explored how SLEs affect individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. The current study investigated the longitudinal effects of SLEs on functioning and symptom severity in CHR individuals, where we hypothesized CHR would report more SLEs than healthy controls (HC), and SLEs would be associated with poorer outcomes.

Methods: The study used longitudinal data from the EU-GEI High Risk study.

Targeting Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive tumor with dismal prognosis. Neural invasion is one of the pathological hallmarks of pancreatic cancer. Peripheral nerves can modulate the phenotype and behavior of the malignant cells, as well as of different components of the tumor microenvironment, and thus affect tumor growth and metastasis.

Massive weight loss may facilitate otherwise impossible flap designs in phalloplasty: The first description of a tube-in-tube design of a pedicled SCIA-based flap.

Introduction: Phalloplasty with urethral lengthening (UL) is a complex procedure with a high complication rate.

Case: A 44-year-old transgender man with a surgical history of mastectomy, hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, colpectomy and metadoioplasty with UL wished to undergo phalloplasty with UL. He had lost 50 kgs of weight for this procedure.

Systematic review: REM sleep, dysphoric dreams and nightmares as transdiagnostic features of psychiatric disorders with emotion dysregulation - Clinical implications.

Background: Fragmented rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disrupts the overnight resolution of emotional distress, a process crucial for emotion regulation. Emotion dysregulation, which is common across psychiatric disorders, is often associated with sleep disturbances. This systematic review explores how REM sleep and nightmares affect emotion processing and regulation in individuals with psychiatric disorders where emotion dysregulation is a key concern, suggesting novel sleep-related treatment pathways.

Age- and sex-related differences in social competence and emotion labeling in pre-adolescence.

Identification of facial expressions is important to navigate social interactions and associates with developmental outcomes. It is presumed that social competence, behavioral emotion labeling and neural emotional face processing are related, but this has rarely been studied. Here, we investigated these interrelations and their associations with age and sex, in the YOUth cohort (1055 children, 8-11 years old).

Does personality moderate the association between social involvement and personal recovery in psychosis?

Objective: Social factors are central in personal recovery (PR) and treatment of psychosis. However, weak associations between social involvement and PR were found. We aimed to replicate this weak association, and test whether it was explained by a moderating effect of neuroticism and extraversion.