Life history and biology of Fascioloides magna (Trematoda) and its native and exotic hosts.

Host-parasite interactions are model systems in a wide range of ecological and evolutionary fields and may be utilized for testing numerous theories and hypotheses in terms of both applied and fundamental research. For instance, they are important in terms of studying coevolutionary arms races, species invasions, and in economic terms the health of livestock and humans. Here, I present a comprehensive description of the life history, biogeography, and biology of the giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, and both its intermediate and definitive hosts.

Disentangling community functional components in a litter-macrodetritivore model system reveals the predominance of the mass ratio hypothesis.

RECENT INVESTIGATIONS HAVE SHOWN THAT TWO COMPONENTS OF COMMUNITY TRAIT COMPOSITION ARE IMPORTANT FOR KEY ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES: (i) the community-weighted mean trait value (CWM), related to the mass ratio hypothesis and dominant trait values in the community, and (ii) functional diversity (FD), related to the complementarity hypothesis and the divergence of trait values. However, no experiments controlling for the inherent dependence between CWM and FD have been conducted so far. We used a novel experimental framework to disentangle the unique and shared effects of CWM and FD in a leaf litter-macrodetritivore model system.

Meta-analysis reveals profound responses of plant traits to glacial CO2 levels.

A general understanding of the links between atmospheric CO2 concentration and the functioning of the terrestrial biosphere requires not only an understanding of plant trait responses to the ongoing transition to higher CO2 but also the legacy effects of past low CO2. An interesting question is whether the transition from current to higher CO2 can be thought of as a continuation of the past trajectory of low to current CO2 levels. Determining this trajectory requires quantifying the effect sizes of plant response to low CO2.

Interview.

Jeantine Lunshof is a philosopher and bioethicist. Since 1992, she has been involved in international research collaborations on ethical issues in human genetics. She holds affiliations with VU University, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Amsterdam (The Netherlands), and with CESAGEN (Lancaster, UK).

Pbp, a cell-surface exposed plasminogen binding protein of Bacteroides fragilis.

The Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium B. fragilis is a member of the commensal flora of the human intestine, but is also frequently found in severe intra-abdominal infections. Several B.