Vitreous Structure and Visual Function in Myopic Vitreopathy Causing Vision-Degrading Myodesopsia.

Purpose: Myopic vitreopathy features precocious fibrous vitreous liquefaction and early posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). It is unclear whether visual function is affected by myopic vitreopathy and PVD. This study assessed the relationships among axial length, structural vitreous density, PVD, and visual function.

Vitreous and Vision Degrading Myodesopsia.

Macromolecules comprise only 2% of vitreous, yet are responsible for its gel state, transparency, and physiologic function(s) within the eye. Myopia and aging alter collagen and hyaluronan association causing concurrent gel liquefaction and fibrous degeneration. The resulting vitreous opacities and collapse of the vitreous body during posterior vitreous detachment are the most common causes for the visual phenomenon of vitreous floaters.

Optical coherence tomography-based consensus definition for lamellar macular hole.

Background: A consensus on an optical coherence tomography definition of lamellar macular hole (LMH) and similar conditions is needed.

Methods: The panel reviewed relevant peer-reviewed literature to reach an accord on LMH definition and to differentiate LMH from other similar conditions.

Results: The panel reached a consensus on the definition of three clinical entities: LMH, epiretinal membrane (ERM) foveoschisis and macular pseudohole (MPH).

Accuracy of Spectral-Domain OCT of the Macula for Detection of Complete Posterior Vitreous Detachment.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of macular spectral-domain OCT in detecting complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).

Design: Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology using a retrospective comparative study.

Participants: One hundred seventy-five eyes in 175 patients (111 women and 64 men; mean age, 65 years) with preoperative OCT within 90 days of vitrectomy.

Assessment of Vitreous Structure and Visual Function after Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Vitreolysis.

Purpose: Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment is performed on vitreous floaters, but studies of structural and functional effects with objective outcome measures are lacking. This study evaluated Nd:YAG laser effects by comparing participants with vitreous floaters who previously underwent laser treatment with untreated control participants and healthy persons without vitreous floaters using quantitative ultrasonography to evaluate vitreous structure and by measuring visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function to assess vision.

Design: Retrospective, comparative study.

Photoablation of Human Vitreous Opacities by Light-Induced Vapor Nanobubbles.

Myopia, diabetes, and aging are the main causes of progressive vitreous collagen aggregation, resulting in vitreous opacities, which can significantly disturb vision. As vitreous opacities, which induce the visual phenomenon of "floaters", are accessible with nanomaterials and light, we propose a nanotechnology-based approach to locally ablate them with highly reduced light energy compared to the more traditional YAG laser therapy. Our strategy relies on the plasmon properties of gold nanoparticles that generate vapor nanobubbles upon pulsed-laser illumination whose mechanical force can ablate vitreous opacities.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Limited Vitrectomy for Vision Degrading Vitreopathy Resulting from Vitreous Floaters.

Purpose: Vitreous floaters can lower visual acuity (VA) and degrade contrast sensitivity function (CSF). Limited vitrectomy improves VA and normalizes CSF, but long-term results in a large series with objective quantitative outcome measures are lacking.

Design: Case series.

Cost-Effectiveness of Limited Vitrectomy for Vision-Degrading Myodesopsia.

Purpose: Patients afflicted with clinically significant vitreous floaters suffer from vision-degrading myodesopsia, characterized by impairment in contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and decreased quality of life. This study determined the cost-effectiveness of limited vitrectomy for this condition.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series and third-party insurer cost-utility analysis.

Asteroid hyalosis-a comprehensive review.

Asteroid hyalosis is a relatively common cause of vitreous opacities, which is possibly associated with diabetes mellitus and hereditary pigmentary retinopathies. We review the history, epidemiology, and biochemistry of asteroid hyalosis, as well as its relationship with ocular and systemic conditions. We describe imaging modalities used for diagnostic evaluations in cases of severe asteroid hyalosis and propose hypotheses regarding its lack of significant effects on vision.

PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF TRACTIONAL AND DEGENERATIVE LAMELLAR MACULAR HOLES: Functional and Anatomical Results.

Purpose: Functional and anatomical outcomes of vitrectomy with membrane peeling were compared in tractional lamellar macular holes (LMH)/macular pseudoholes (MPH) versus degenerative LMH.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study enrolled patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The association of spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters with preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was analyzed.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAMELLAR MACULAR HOLES.

Purpose: Lamellar macular holes (LMHs) can been subdivided into tractional and degenerative subtypes. This cross-sectional cohort study compared structural and functional characteristics in these subtypes hypothesizing that tractional LMH has a higher prevalence of vitreopapillary adhesion and tangential traction (macular pucker), whereas degenerative LMH has more ellipsoid zone disruption and worse vision, measured three different ways.

Methods: Tractional LMH (n = 22) and degenerative LMH (n = 15) were distinguished by optical coherence tomography criteria.

The effects of aging vitreous on contrast sensitivity function.

Purpose: Contrast sensitivity function (CSF) declines with age. When unassociated with cataracts, this is hypothesized to be due to macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thinning. However, other studies found associations with increased vitreous echodensity and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).

Incidence of Cataract Surgery after Vitrectomy for Vitreous Opacities.

Purpose: A computational model of vitreous oxygen consumption and transport predicts that limited vitrectomy will result in lower retrolental oxygen levels than extensive vitrectomy, and that higher retrolental oxygen would promote cataractogenesis. This study compared the incidence and timing of cataract surgery after limited versus extensive vitrectomy for vitreous opacities.

Methods: Ninety-six phakic eyes in 75 patients (aged 55±14 years) underwent limited 25 G vitrectomy with preservation of 3 to 4 mm of retrolental vitreous and without surgical posterior vitreous detachment induction.

Paradigm Shifts in Ophthalmic Diagnostics.

Purpose: Future advances in ophthalmology will see a paradigm shift in diagnostics from a focus on dysfunction and disease to better measures of psychophysical function and health. Practical methods to define genotypes will be increasingly important and non-invasive nanotechnologies are needed to detect molecular changes that predate histopathology.

Methods: This is not a review nor meant to be comprehensive.

Degradation of Contrast Sensitivity Function Following Posterior Vitreous Detachment.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) on contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in previously normal eyes, with the hypothesis that PVD reduces CSF.

Design: Prospective observational case series.

Methods: At a single clinical practice 28 eyes were evaluated: 8 eyes of 8 adults (mean age 54.

Floaters and reduced contrast sensitivity after successful pharmacologic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin.

Purpose: To describe the onset of floaters and reduction in contrast sensitivity (CS) following successful pharmacologic vitreolysis with ocriplasmin for the treatment of vitreo-macular traction (VMT) in a patient with previously normal CS.

Observations: A 65-year-old woman with a past ocular history of normal visual acuity (VA = 20/26) and contrast sensitivity (1.81% Weber) presents with a 4-month history of distortions.

Quantifying Visual Dysfunction and the Response to Surgery in Macular Pucker.

Purpose: To measure the effects of macular pucker (MP) on macular structure and quantify function by measuring visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and distortions. The effects of surgery were quantitatively evaluated using these measures.

Design: Prospective, comparative case series.