Ultrasonographic assessment of ocular parameters in dogs: effects of weight and breed, controlled for BCS and age.

Introduction: Ophthalmic ultrasound is useful tool for examining canine eyes. Previous studies have compared ocular parameters using ophthalmic ultrasonography based on body weight, breed, sex, and age. However, there are limited studies involving large numbers of dogs with controlled body condition score.

Computed tomography radiomics models of tumor differentiation in canine small intestinal tumors.

Radiomics models have been widely exploited in oncology for the investigation of tumor classification, as well as for predicting tumor response to treatment and genomic sequence; however, their performance in veterinary gastrointestinal tumors remains unexplored. Here, we sought to investigate and compare the performance of radiomics models in various settings for differentiating among canine small intestinal adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and spindle cell sarcoma. Forty-two small intestinal tumors were contoured using four different segmentation methods: pre- or post-contrast, each with or without the inclusion of intraluminal gas.

Advancing the early detection of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome with machine learning-enhanced blood-based biomarkers.

Up to half of the senior dogs suffer from canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS), the diagnosis method relies on subjective questionnaires such as canine cognitive dysfunction rating (CCDR) scores. Therefore, the necessity of objective diagnosis is emerging. Here, we developed blood-based biomarkers for CCDS early detection.

Safety of Gonadal Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Geriatric Dogs with Chronic Disease.

Ensuring the safety of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a fundamental requirement in clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the safety of using gonadal tissue-derived MSCs (n = 10) compared to the commonly utilized adipose tissue-derived MSCs (n = 9) in geriatric dogs with chronic diseases. All participants received allogeneic MSC therapy, and no allergic reactions due to allogeneic cell immunogenicity were noted.

Case Series: Computed Tomography Features of Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma in Six Dogs.

The objective of the present case series was to investigate the various computed tomography findings of six dogs diagnosed with extraskeletal osteosarcoma (exOSA) at several locations. Among the tumors evaluated, four were subcutaneous, one was mammary, and one involved the intestinal tract. Intralesional mineralization was observed in all six dogs.

Changes in echocardiographic indices and left ventricular strain values by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography following pre-anesthetic oral pimobendan administration compared with intravenous pimobendan in dogs.

Introduction: The effects of pre-anesthetic single-dose oral pimobendan during inhalational anesthesia, including the comparison with the effects of single intravenous pimobendan under anesthesia, remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine changes in hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters induced by pre-anesthetic administration of oral pimobendan under isoflurane general anesthesia and to compare them with those induced by intravenous pimobendan.

Methods: Thirteen clinically normal dogs (4 laboratory and 9 client-owned dogs) with no clinical signs and not on any medical treatment were included.

Effect of Oligo-Fucoidan, Fucoxanthin, and L-Carnitine on Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs: A Retrospective Study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly occurs in old dogs and cats. Oligo-fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and L-carnitine (OFL) compounds have a variety of reno-protective properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic effects. Because their effects have not been investigated in naturally occurring canine CKD, we examined their reno-protective activities in dog patients with CKD.

Exploring the Tumor-Associated Risk of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Veterinary Medicine.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been actively applied in veterinary regenerative medicine to treat various canine and feline diseases. With increasing emphasis on safe cell-based therapies, evaluations of their tumorigenic potential are in great demand. However, a direct confirmation of whether tumors originate from stem cells or host cells is not easily achievable.

Successful interventional occlusion of muscular ventricular septal defect in a dog.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a rare congenital heart disease in dogs. Hemodynamically important interventricular defects must be closed to improve the prognosis. This case report describes successful interventional transcatheter closure of a muscular VSD in a young Maltese and poodle mixed-breed dog with a large muscular interventricular defect (~5 mm in diameter) with a high rate of left-to-right shunt flow.

Radiographic and computed tomographic characteristics of intraluminal tracheal adenoma in a cat.

A 13-year-old spayed female Persian cat presented with dyspnea and nasal discharge. Thoracic radiography revealed a dome-shaped soft-tissue opacity in the carina. Computed tomography confirmed a soft tissue-attenuating mass in the carina and the left and right proximal main bronchi that appeared to arise from the tracheal wall.

Tiletamine-Zolazepam, Ketamine, and Xylazine Anesthetic Protocol for High-Quality, High-Volume Spay and Neuter of Free-Roaming Cats in Seoul, Korea.

This study was performed to evaluate the anesthetic protocol used in the high-quality, high-volume spay and neuter (HQHVSN) of free-roaming cats in Seoul, Korea from 2017 to 2022. The evaluation was performed on a total of 1261 free-roaming cats, with an average weight of 3.48 ± 1.

Anticancer effects of alpelisib on PIK3CA-mutated canine mammary tumor cell lines.

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are commonly observed in old and unspayed female dogs. Recently, dogs have been increasingly spaying at a young age to prevent mammary tumors. These CMTs require extensive local excision and exhibit a high probability of metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and lungs during malignancy.

Computed tomographic measurements of pancreatic thickness in clinically normal dogs.

Pancreatic thickness is an indicator for evaluating pancreatic diseases. The transverse and cross-sectional pancreatic thickness observed on computed tomography (CT) may differ. This study aimed to provide a normal reference range for pancreatic thickness on the transverse plane based on body weight (BW) and assess pancreatic thickness to aorta (P/Ao) ratio.

Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome resulting from toceranib phosphate in a dog with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma: a case report.

An 11-year-old neutered male Miniature Poodle with a stage 3 apocrine gland adenocarcinoma was started on chemotherapy with toceranib phosphate after surgery. Beginning on day 10 of toceranib, the dog's foot pads became erythematous and hyperkeratinized. The dog complained of pain, inability to walk, depression, and loss of appetite.

Abdominal hernia as a rare manifestation of feline mammary gland carcinoma: a case report.

A 15-year-old, spayed female, Scottish Straight cat without any traumatic history was presented with swollen abdomen and diagnosed as an abdominal wall hernia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed thickened, irregular, and hypoechoic change of abdominal wall muscle adjacent to defect. During the herniorrhaphy, multiple nodules were identified in the subcutaneous tissue around the defect.

Measurement of brainstem diameter in small-breed dogs using magnetic resonance imaging.

Measurement of brainstem diameters (midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata)is of potential clinical significance, as changes in brainstem size may decrease or increase due to age, neurodegenerative disorders, or neoplasms. In human medicine, numerous studies have reported the normal reference range of brainstem size, which is hitherto unexplored in veterinary medicine, particularly for small-breed dogs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the reference range of brainstem diameters in small-breed dogs and to correlate the measurements with age, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS).

Application of Bifurcated Semitendinosus Muscle Transposition for Treatment of Fecal Incontinence in Two Dogs.

A 4-year-old mixed breed dog and a 19-year-old English cocker spaniel dog were evaluated for fecal incontinence. The second dog's fecal incontinence was associated with the anal mass. In both dogs, reconstruction of the external anal sphincter was required to gain fecal continence.

A rabbit model of tracheal collapse for optimal self-expanding metal stents.

Investigating the characteristics of tracheas can help the understanding of diseases related to the trachea, particularly tracheal collapse (TC) in dogs. This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of tracheas from New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits and dogs and to introduce a method for inducing a model of TC in the normal trachea. Tracheal samples were obtained from NZW rabbit cadavers (n=5) weighing 3.

Echocardiographic changes in the progress of reverse shunt and improvement to left-to-right shunt after medical treatment in dogs with bidirectional patent ductus arteriosus or ventricular septal defect: A report of two cases.

Two Maltese dogs were referred for evaluation of a congenital heart disease: one was diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus and the other was diagnosed with a ventricular septal defect. The PDA patient was diagnosed with congenital heart disease 2 weeks ago and the VSD patient about 11 months ago at another hospital. Echocardiographic findings revealed a bidirectional shunt condition, and the dogs were treated with medical management using sildenafil and oxygen inhalation.

Evaluation of urethral thickness using ultrasonography in healthy small-breed dogs.

Introduction: Urethral thickness measurements can be indicative of the pathological state of a patient; however to the best of our knowledge, no measurement reference range has been established in small-breed dogs. This study aimed to establish reference ranges for total urethral thickness and urethral wall thickness in healthy small-breed dogs; "urethral wall thickness" was assumed to be 1/2 of the "total urethral thickness."

Methods: Total urethral thickness was measured by ultrasonography in 240 healthy small-breed dogs.