Does cerebellar flocculus size affect subjective outcomes in pediatric auditory brainstem implantation.

Objectives: The objectives of study was to 1) Describe relevant surgical anatomy in defining and accessing the lateral recess for placement of electrode, 2) Propose a working classification for grades of Flocculus; 3) To determine if different grades of cerebellar flocculus effects placement of ABI electrode and subjective outcomes in implantees.

Methods: Our study was a prospective study, and comprised of cohort of 12 patients who underwent ABI surgery via retrosigmoid approach between 1 Jan 2012 to 31 Dec 2014. All children with congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss with either absent cochlea or cochlear nerve were included in the study.

Late-onset bulky naevocytoma of the perineum masquerading as a malignant melanoma.

Bulky naevocytoma of the perineum is a very rare variant of giant congenital melanocytic naevus (GCMN). It presents as a bulky naevocytic tumour in the perineal region with characteristic histological findings, such as extensive areas with a neural appearance called 'lames foliacees', formation of a pseudofollicular structure and extension of naevus cells between collagen bundles in a row called 'Indian-file' pattern. We report a case of late-onset bulky naevocytoma of the perineum in a 13-year-old girl.

Primary intrasellar schwannoma.

Intracranial schwannomas commonly arise from the eighth cranial nerve in the cerebellopontine angle. Schwannoma arising in the sella and extending into the suprasellar region is very rare and is easily mistaken for pituitary adenoma. To our knowledge, there have been only 12 previous reports.

Primary spinal epidural lymphomas.

An epidural location for lymphoma is observed in 0.1-6.5% of all the lymphomas.

Invasive rhino-cerebral fungal granuloma.

Background: Increased incidence of fungal infection has been reported globally in the recent years. Fungal infection of the central nervous system remains one of the most difficult diseases to treat and requires multi-modality intensive therapeutic strategies.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of case records of patients with confirmed skull base fungal granuloma treated at a tertiary hospital between 1988-2008.

The classification of neuropsychiatric disorders in epilepsy: a proposal by the ILAE Commission on Psychobiology of Epilepsy.

The classification of psychiatric disorders in epilepsy has evolved considerably from the first attempts in the 19th century. A dedicated subcommission of the ILAE Commission on Psychobiology of Epilepsy (now the Commission on Neuropsychiatric Aspects) has developed this classification proposal. The aim of this proposal is to separate disorders comorbid with epilepsy and those that reflect ongoing epileptiform activity from epilepsy-specific disorders, and to attempt to subclassify the epilepsy-specific disorders alone.

Posttraumatic total dislocation of the upper thoracic spine.

Background: Difficulty in proper visualization of the upper thoracic spine in plain radiographs allows for injuries at this level to be missed, especially in a busy trauma center. This window of error is increased when the patient presents with no symptoms or signs of neurologic or spinal involvement, as upper thoracic dislocations commonly present early.

Case Description: The authors report a 19-year-old girl who developed progressive paraparesis 18 hours following initial presentation with a scalp avulsion injury.

Stereotactic surgery in India: the past, present and the future.

The achievements of Indian neurosurgeons in different fields of stereotactic surgery over the past decades have been discussed. This covers diverse areas like Parkinson's disease, abnormal movements, cerebral palsy, spasticity, pain relief, and sedative and functional neurosurgery. Recently, technological advances have made stereotactic surgery useful in many fields like deep biopsies, minimally invasive surgery and radiosurgery.

Prevalence and incidence of type-2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in a selected Indian urban population.

Aim: To study the impact of diabetes mellitus on a selected Indian urban population.

Methods: The staff of Indian Institute of Technology in Chennai and their relatives were screened for diabetes by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 1992. But those on treatment for diabetes were not screened by OGTT.

Magnetic resonance imaging artifact following acoustic neurofibroma surgery--case report.

Metallic artifacts in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging occur mostly in patients who have received an implant at surgery. Similar artifacts are now increasingly recognized in patients in whom high-speed drills have been used. A 15-year-old male with neurofibromatosis 2 had undergone excision of acoustic neurofibroma on the left 1.

Limited unilateral approach for extramedullary spinal tumours.

Traditionally, spinal extramedullary tumours are approached by a wide multilevel laminectomy and a midline dural incision. This exposure may result in immediate or delayed instability of the spine, and exposes the spinal cord to the possibility of inadvertent injury during surgery. To avoid these complications the authors have, in 27 patients, used a limited unilateral approach to remove extramedullary tumours.

Hyperdense cystic craniopharyngiomas : a report of three cases.

Craniopharyngioma present on the CT scan with cysts, calcification and contrast enhancing solid tumour. The cysts are usually hypodense and do not enhance with contrast. Hyperdense cysts are rare.

Stereotactic operation in behaviour disorders. Amygdalotomy and hypothalamotomy.

After a survey of the anatomical and physiological basis of operative treatment of behaviour disorders by stereotactic lesions in the amygdala and the posterior medial hypothalamus the author describes his own experiences with 603 operations for control of conservatively untreatable aggressiveness. In 481 cases bilateral amygdalotomies and in 122 mostly secondary posteromedian hypothalamotomies have been performed. Initially excellent or moderate improvement was achieved in 76%.