Effects of exercise training on calf tissue oxygenation in men with intermittent claudication.

Objective: To determine the effects of exercise training on calf tissue oxygenation in men with peripheral arterial disease and intermittent calf claudication.

Design: This pilot study was prospective and longitudinal and used a one-group, pretest-posttest design.

Setting: Tertiary care medical center for veterans.

Porphyromonas bennonis sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens.

During our investigation of the bacteriology of human wound infections and abscesses, a novel anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacillus was frequently isolated. On the basis of morphological and biochemical criteria, the strains were tentatively identified as belonging to the family Bacteroidaceae, but they did not appear to correspond to any recognized species of this family. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the 14 novel strains were genotypically homogeneous and confirmed their placement in the genus Porphyromonas.

Posttraumatic stress disorder in female veterans with military and civilian sexual trauma.

This study examines relationships among military sexual trauma (MST), nonmilitary sexual trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A sample of 196 female veterans was assessed for trauma occurring before, during, and after military service, and for current PTSD. The prevalence of MST was higher than that of premilitary and postmilitary sexual trauma.

Modulating tobacco smoking rates by dopaminergic stimulation and blockade.

This study was designed to demonstrate that dopaminergic stimulation would result in decreased smoking behavior and nicotine intake, whereas dopaminergic blockade would result in increased smoking behavior and nicotine intake, in the same subjects. In prior human studies, a dopaminergic antagonist, haloperidol, increased smoking and/or nicotine intake, and a dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, decreased smoking. The smoking behavior of 20 heavy smokers was observed on two separate visits in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures-within-subject design.

The effects of dopaminergic D2 stimulation and blockade on smoking behavior.

Researchers have hypothesized that dopamine mediates the reinforcing effects of stimulant drugs, including nicotine. Three experiments tested whether manipulating dopamine would alter human smoking behavior. Experiments used double-blind, repeated measures designs.