The use of real-world evidence to generate cost analysis of antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) in patients with treatment failure in Thailand: A large population-based study.

Background: eradication is effective for gastric cancer prevention. Treatment failure is caused by increased antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine eradication rates and perform cost analysis between susceptibility-guided therapy and empirical treatment in patients with treatment failure.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Anti-Mycobacterial Therapy (RHB-104) in Active Crohn's Disease.

This study, conducted between 4 October 2013, and 30 November 2018, tested the hypothesis that triple antimicrobial therapy, targeting subspecies (MAP), long considered a putative cause, would favorably affect Crohn's disease. A double-blind multicenter study of adults with active Crohn's disease, (i.e.

HES V2.0 outperforms GALAD for detection of HCC: A phase 3 biomarker study in the United States.

Background And Aims: The original hepatocellular carcinoma early detection screening (HES) score, which combines alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) with age, alanine aminotransferase, and platelets, has better performance than AFP alone for early HCC detection. We have developed HES V2.0 by adding AFP-L3 and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin to the score and compared its performance to GALAD and ASAP scores among patients with cirrhosis.

Diagnostic error in mental health: a review.

Diagnostic errors are associated with patient harm and suboptimal outcomes. Despite national scientific efforts to advance definition, measurement and interventions for diagnostic error, diagnosis in mental health is not well represented in this ongoing work. We aimed to summarise the current state of research on diagnostic errors in mental health and identify opportunities to align future research with the emerging science of diagnostic safety.

Rates, patterns, and predictors of specialty palliative care consultation among patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background & Aims: There is growing acceptance that principles of palliative care should be integrated into the management of serious illnesses affecting the liver, such as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). However, rates, patterns, and predictors of specialty palliative care consultation among patients with ACLF have not been well-described.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with ACLF between 1/1/2008 and 12/31/2018 using the VOCAL cohort.

Management of Helicobacter pylori treatment failures: A large population-based study (HP treatment failures trial).

Background: Helicobacter pylori treatment failure remains a challenging problem. This study aimed to identify predictive factors for successful eradication in patients following treatment failures.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Orthostatic Hypotension, Hypertension Treatment, and Cardiovascular Disease: An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis.

Importance: There are ongoing concerns about the benefits of intensive vs standard blood pressure (BP) treatment among adults with orthostatic hypotension or standing hypotension.

Objective: To determine the effect of a lower BP treatment goal or active therapy vs a standard BP treatment goal or placebo on cardiovascular disease (CVD) or all-cause mortality in strata of baseline orthostatic hypotension or baseline standing hypotension.

Data Sources: Individual participant data meta-analysis based on a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases through May 13, 2022.

Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities: Observational and Mechanistic Evidence Supporting the Role of Nephrotoxic Agrochemicals.

Chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities (CINAC) is an epidemic of kidney disease affecting specific tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and is characterized by progressive CKD in the absence of traditional risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes. CINAC prevalence is higher among young, male agricultural workers, but it also affects women, children, and nonagricultural workers in affected areas. Biopsies from patients with CINAC across regions commonly demonstrate tubular injury with lysosomal aggregates, tubulointerstitial inflammation, and fibrosis and variable glomerular changes.

Number of Live Births, Age at the Time of Having a Child, Span of Births and Risk of Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 253,611 U.K. Women.

The association between birth-related factors and dementia is unclear. We aimed to investigate their association and subsequent risk of dementia in a large-scale follow-up prospective study. This population-based cohort study used data from U.

Effect of Problem-solving Treatment on Self-reported Disability Among Veterans With Gulf War Illness: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Few evidence-based treatments are available for Gulf War illness (GWI). Behavioral treatments that target factors known to maintain the disability from GWI, such as problem-solving impairment, may be beneficial. Problem-solving treatment (PST) targets problem-solving impairment and is an evidence-based treatment for other conditions.

Polypharmacy and medical intensive care unit (MICU) admission and 10-year all-cause mortality risk among hospitalized patients with and without HIV.

Objective: Medical intensive care unit (MICU) admissions have been declining in people with HIV infection (PWH), but frequency of outpatient polypharmacy (prescription of ≥5 chronic medications) has increased. Among those hospitalized, we examined whether outpatient polypharmacy is associated with subsequent 1-year MICU admission or 10-year all-cause mortality, and if the association varies by HIV status.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Neuroimaging Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Neuroimaging is widely utilized in studying traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The risk for PTSD is greater after TBI than after non-TBI trauma, and PTSD is associated with worse outcomes after TBI. Studying the neuroimaging correlates of TBI-related PTSD may provide insights into the etiology of both conditions and help identify those TBI patients most at risk of developing persistent symptoms.

Rates of Antimicrobial Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates From Clinical Trial Patients Across the US and Europe.

Introduction: Guidelines recommend that proton pump inhibitor-based triple regimens with clarithromycin not be used for Helicobacter pylori infection in areas where clarithromycin resistance is ≥15%, or in patients with prior macrolide use. Up-to-date information on local resistance patterns is limited, especially in the US. Here, we report resistance rates to antibiotics commonly used to treat H.

Assessing Change in Participation in Clinical Evaluations of Deployed Veterans with Medically Unexplained Symptoms.

Many deployed veterans experience issues reintegrating into civilian life. Addressing this in a clinical setting can prove challenging; however, assessing participation, defined as involvement in a life situation by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, may be helpful. The Community Reintegration of Injured Service Members-Computer Adaptive Test (CRIS-CAT) is a measure of participation developed and validated in veteran populations.

A Right Atrial Mass with Fever and Cutaneous Nodules.

Primary cardiac tumors, although exceedingly rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis during workup of any cardiac mass. Extranodal cardiac lymphomas have a natural aggressive course due to delayed diagnosis. We present a 71-year-old male with a dual-chamber pacemaker who presented with fevers and new cutaneous nodules.

Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Various HFE Genotypes.

Background And Aims: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, HCC risk factors within this population and across various HFE genotypes remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with ≥ 1 HFE genotype test in the Veterans Health Administration.

Sex differences in the association between cardiovascular diseases and dementia subtypes: a prospective analysis of 464,616 UK Biobank participants.

Background: Whether the association of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with dementia differs by sex remains unclear, and the role of socioeconomic, lifestyle, genetic, and medical factors in their association is unknown.

Methods: We used data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort study of 502,649 individuals. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and women-to-men ratio of HRs (RHR) for the association between CVD (coronary heart diseases (CHD), stroke, and heart failure) and incident dementia (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD)).

The Performance of AFP, AFP-3, DCP as Biomarkers for Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Phase 3 Biomarker Study in the United States.

Background & Aims: α-fetoprotein (AFP), AFP Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in combination or in GALAD (Gender, Age, AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP) were tested for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in retrospective cohort and case-control studies. However, there is a paucity of prospective data and no phase III biomarker studies from North American populations.

Methods: We conducted a prospective specimen collection, retrospective blinded evaluation (PRoBE) cohort study in patients with cirrhosis enrolled in a 6-monthly surveillance with liver imaging and AFP.

Magnetic Resonance Elastography for the Clinical Risk Assessment of Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, and Portal Hypertension in Patients With NAFLD.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming one of the most common causes of liver disease. The progressive subtype of NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), leads to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality. Fibrosis is the strongest predictor for complications.

Association of reproductive factors with dementia: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analyses of observational studies.

Background: Associations between endogenous estrogen exposure indicators and risk of subtypes of dementia have been unclear.

Methods: Databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) were searched electronically on 1st July and updated regularly until 12nd November 2021. Observational studies of English language were selected if reported an effect estimate [e.