Sex-related disparities in vehicle crash injury and hemodynamics.

Objective: Multiple studies evaluate relative risk of female vs. male crash injury; clinical data may offer a more direct injury-specific evaluation of sex disparity in vehicle safety. This study sought to evaluate trauma injury patterns in a large trauma database to identify sex-related differences in crash injury victims.

Implementation strategies to improve posttraumatic stress disorder care in rural veterans.

Purpose: Prior research has noted treatment inequalities in the care of rural veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This project sought to increase the delivery, or reach, of recommended PTSD treatments in 2 rural health care systems of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) using implementation facilitation.

Methods: The quality improvement project involved 6 months of facilitation to 2 low-reach PTSD clinics within 2 VA health care systems.

Facilitating future implementation and translation to clinical practice: The Implementation Planning Assessment Tool for clinical trials.

Implementation assessment plans are crucial for clinical trials to achieve their full potential. Without a proactive plan to implement trial results, it can take decades for one-fifth of effective interventions to be adopted into routine care settings. The Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development is undergoing a systematic transformation to embed implementation planning in research protocols through the Cooperative Studies Program, its flagship clinical research program.

Gender differences in medication prescribing patterns for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: A 10-year follow-up study.

Women veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have historically received more psychiatric medications than men. The current analysis identified prescribing trends of medications recommended for (i.e.

Cervical spine degeneration specific segmental angular rotational and displacements: A quantitative study.

Background: The objective of the present isolated spine study was to evaluate the kinematic differences between groups of normal and degenerated cervical spine specimens. Previous studies on cervical spine degeneration support the existence of the unstable phase during the degeneration process; however, there is a lack of quantitative data available to fully characterize this early stage of degeneration.

Method: For this effort five degenerated and eight normal cervical spines (C2-T1) were isolated and were subject to pure bending moments of flexion, extension, axial rotation and lateral bending.

Central nervous system polytherapy among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: changes across a decade.

Objective: The study objectives were to investigate rates and patterns of polytherapy among veterans with PTSD across time (in 2009 and 2019), describe features of polytherapy prescribing, and identify demographic and clinical factors associated with polytherapy.

Methods: Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data were used to build cohorts of all VA-served veterans with PTSD in 2009 (N = 458,620) and 2019 (N = 877,785). Frequency of CNS active drug classes, rates of polytherapy (≥5 concurrent CNS drugs), clinical features associated with polytherapy, number of prescribers, and patterns of co-prescribed medications were examined.

Reduced Liver-Specific PGC1a Increases Susceptibility for Short-Term Diet-Induced Weight Gain in Male Mice.

The central integration of peripheral neural signals is one mechanism by which systemic energy homeostasis is regulated. Previously, increased acute food intake following the chemical reduction of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ATP levels was prevented by common hepatic branch vagotomy (HBV). However, possible offsite actions of the chemical compounds confound the precise role of liver energy metabolism.

Difference in Housing Temperature-Induced Energy Expenditure Elicits Sex-Specific Diet-Induced Metabolic Adaptations in Mice.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether increased energy expenditure (EE), independent of physical activity, reduces acute diet-induced weight gain through tighter coupling of energy intake to energy demand and enhanced metabolic adaptations.

Methods: Indirect calorimetry and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess energy metabolism and body composition during 7-day high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) feeding in male and female mice housed at divergent temperatures (20°C vs. 30°C).

Supporting caregivers of veterans with Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their caregivers require cognitive and behavioral symptom management, interdisciplinary care, support for caregivers, and seamless care coordination between providers. Caring for someone with ADRD or TBI is associated with higher rates of psychological morbidity and burden, social isolation, financial hardship, and deterioration of physical health. Tremendous need exists for primary care-based interventions that concurrently address the care needs of dyads and aim to improve care and outcomes for both individuals with ADRD and TBI and their family caregivers.

What the HLA-I!-Classical and Non-classical HLA Class I and Their Potential Roles in Type 1 Diabetes.

Purpose Of Review: Hyperexpression of classical HLA class I (HLA-I) molecules in insulin-containing islets has become a widely accepted hallmark of type 1 diabetes pathology. In comparison, relatively little is known about the expression, function and role of non-classical subtypes of HLA-I. This review focuses on the current understanding of the non-classical HLA-I subtypes: HLA-E, HLA-F and HLA-G, within and outside the field of type 1 diabetes, and considers the possible impacts of these molecules on disease etiology.

Photobiomodulation Inhibits Long-term Structural and Functional Lesions of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Previous studies demonstrated that brief (3 to 4 min) daily application of light at 670 nm to diabetic rodents inhibited molecular and pathophysiologic processes implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and reversed diabetic macular edema in small numbers of patients studied. Whether or not this therapy would inhibit the neural and vascular lesions that characterize the early stages of the retinopathy was unknown. We administered photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy daily for 8 months to streptozotocin-diabetic mice and assessed effects of PBM on visual function, retinal capillary permeability, and capillary degeneration using published methods.

Aerobic capacity mediates susceptibility for the transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis.

Key Points: Low intrinsic aerobic capacity is associated with increased all-cause and liver-related mortality in humans. Low intrinsic aerobic capacity in the low capacity runner (LCR) rat increases susceptibility to acute and chronic high-fat/high-sucrose diet-induced steatosis, without observed increases in liver inflammation. Addition of excess cholesterol to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet produced greater steatosis in LCR and high capacity runner (HCR) rats.

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with an altered gastric microbiota in children.

The intestinal microbiome in early life influences development of the mucosal immune system and predisposition to certain diseases. Because less is known about the microbiome in the stomach and its relationship to disease, we characterized the microbiota in the stomachs of 86 children and adults and the impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on the bacterial communities. The overall composition of the gastric microbiota in children and adults without H.

Increased aerobic capacity reduces susceptibility to acute high-fat diet-induced weight gain.

Objective: Aerobic capacity is the most powerful predictor of all-cause mortality in humans; however, its role in the development of obesity and susceptibility for high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain is not completely understood.

Methods: Herein, a rodent model system of divergent intrinsic aerobic capacity [high capacity running (HCR) and low capacity running (LCR)] was utilized to evaluate the role of aerobic fitness on 1-week HFD-induced (45% and 60% kcal) weight gain. Food/energy intake, body composition analysis, and brown adipose tissue gene expression were assessed as important potential factors involved in modulating HFD-induced weight gain.

Effect of Antimicrobial Use in Agricultural Animals on Drug-resistant Foodborne Campylobacteriosis in Humans: A Systematic Literature Review.

Controversy continues concerning antimicrobial use in food animals and its relationship to drug-resistant infections in humans. We systematically reviewed published literature for evidence of a relationship between antimicrobial use in agricultural animals and drug-resistant foodborne campylobacteriosis in humans. Based on publications from the United States (U.

Differential effects of buffer pH on Ca(2+)-induced ROS emission with inhibited mitochondrial complexes I and III.

Excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission is a critical component in the etiology of ischemic injury. Complex I and complex III of the electron transport chain are considered the primary sources of ROS emission during cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. Several factors modulate ischemic ROS emission, such as an increase in extra-matrix Ca(2+), a decrease in extra-matrix pH, and a change in substrate utilization.

Human gastric epithelial cells contribute to gastric immune regulation by providing retinoic acid to dendritic cells.

Despite the high prevalence of chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori, the gastric mucosa has received little investigative attention as a unique immune environment. Here, we analyzed whether retinoic acid (RA), an important homeostatic factor in the small intestinal mucosa, also contributes to gastric immune regulation. We report that human gastric tissue contains high levels of the RA precursor molecule retinol (ROL), and that gastric epithelial cells express both RA biosynthesis genes and RA response genes, indicative of active RA biosynthesis.

Gastric microbiome and gastric cancer.

Cancer of the stomach is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. The single strongest risk factor for gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastric inflammation. Among persons with H.

Vaginal myeloid dendritic cells transmit founder HIV-1.

We report that primary human vaginal dendritic cells (DCs) display a myeloid phenotype and express CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4. Vaginal CD13(+) CD11c(+) DCs rapidly and efficiently bound transmitted/founder (T/F) CCR5-tropic (R5) viruses, transported them through explanted vaginal mucosa, and transmitted them in trans to vaginal and blood lymphocytes. Vaginal myeloid DCs may play a key role in capturing and disseminating T/F R5 HIV-1 in vivo and are candidate "gatekeeper" cells in HIV-1 transmission.

Safety and Efficacy of Ranolazine for the Treatment of Chronic Angina Pectoris.

Coronary heart disease is a global malady and it is the leading cause of death in the United States. Chronic stable angina is the most common manifestation of coronary heart disease and it results from the imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand due to reduction in coronary blood flow. Therefore, in addition to lifestyle changes, commonly used pharmaceutical treatments for angina (nitrates, β-blockers, Ca channel blockers) are aimed at increasing blood flow or decreasing O demand.

Enhancing the efficiency of direct reprogramming of human mesenchymal stem cells into mature neuronal-like cells with the combination of small molecule modulators of chromatin modifying enzymes, SMAD signaling and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels.

Advances in cell reprogramming technologies to generate patient-specific cells of a desired type will revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine. While several cell reprogramming methods have been developed over the last decades, the majority of these technologies require the exposure of cell nuclei to reprogramming large molecules via transfection, transduction, cell fusion or nuclear transfer. This raises several technical, safety and ethical issues.

Characterization of functional mannose receptor in a continuous hybridoma cell line.

Background: The mannose receptor is the best described member of the type I transmembrane C-type lectins; however much remains unanswered about the biology of the receptor. One difficulty has been the inability to consistently express high levels of a functional full length mannose receptor cDNA in mammalian cells. Another difficulty has been the lack of a human macrophage cell line expressing a fully functional receptor.