7,043 results match your criteria: "VA 24061; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology[Affiliation]"

RIS-Aided coexistence in wireless networks using angular information.

Sci Rep

December 2024

Wireless@VT, Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, VA, USA.

Owing to the ability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to control the propagation environment in their vicinity, they have emerged as an appealing solution to enhance the performance of next-generation wireless networks. While the effectiveness of RISs with complete channel state information (CSI) is well-documented, their performance with limited user information remains less explored. This is particularly pronounced when an RIS interferes with nodes in a potentially non-cooperating network, making CSI acquisition challenging.

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Cuticular nitrogen economy during development in the cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus and the termite Neotermes jouteli.

J Insect Physiol

December 2024

Department of Entomology, VA Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0319, United States.

The role of nitrogen during insect development and reproduction is key in the success of a species, and is of primary importance in wood feeding taxa. Based on comparison of xylophagous, one-piece termites to the termite sister group, subsocial wood-feeding cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus, it has been proposed that the evolution of termite eusociality involved a fundamental shift in nitrogen allocation strategies. Cryptocercus exhibits a nitrogen storage economy, with individuals gradually increasing in size and cuticular density over a years-long developmental period.

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Serotonin is a potent immunomodulatory neurohormone. Activities of the serotonergic and immune systems are often reported together in poultry studies with unidirectional analyses focused on serotonergic signaling mediating immune response. Considering serotonin's relevance across a range of immune-related poultry topics, elucidation of whether the immune system affects the serotonergic system can provide valuable insights into the bi-directionality of poultry neuroendocrine-immune interactions.

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Fiber-based Miniature Strain Sensor with Fast Response and Low Hysteresis.

Adv Funct Mater

October 2024

Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.

Flexible and stretchable strain sensors are in high demand in sports performance monitoring, structural health monitoring, and biomedical applications. However, existing stretchable soft sensors, primarily based on soft polymer materials, often suffer from drawbacks, including high hysteresis, low durability, and delayed response. To overcome these limitations, we introduced a stretchable miniature fiber sensor comprised of a stretchable core tightly coiled with parallel conductive wires.

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Serial health assessment of a managed population of American horseshoe crabs (HSC; ) was performed. Twenty HSC were examined once a month for 7 mon; this included a physical exam with a standardized scoring sheet, HR, morphometrics, and hemolymph evaluation with hemocyte count, copper concentration, and biochemistry panel. The HSC in this population had varying levels of external lesions at enrollment.

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The well-posedness of the initial-boundary value problem for higher-order quadratic nonlinear Schrödinger equations on the half-line is studied by utilizing the Fokas solution formula for the corresponding linear problem. Using this formula, linear estimates are derived in Bourgain spaces for initial data in spatial Sobolev spaces on the half-line and boundary data in temporal Sobolev spaces suggested by the time regularity of the linear initial value problem. Then, the needed bilinear estimates are derived and used for showing that the iteration map defined via the Fokas solution formula is a contraction in appropriate solution spaces.

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Social insects: The waxy wonder of symmetry.

Curr Biol

December 2024

Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, 170 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Electronic address:

A new study demonstrates that honey bee nests and their contents possess front-to-back symmetry, a design characteristic arising from a proximate thermal cue with an ultimate evolutionary benefit.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops globally and is especially vulnerable to heat stress. However, substantial knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the developmental mechanisms associated with tuber responses to heat stress.

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Modeling and Analysis of Dispersive Propagation of Structural Waves for Vibro-Localization.

Sensors (Basel)

December 2024

The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

The dispersion of structural waves, where wave speed varies with frequency, introduces significant challenges in accurately localizing occupants in a building based on vibrations caused by their movements. This study presents a novel multi-sensor vibro-localization technique that accounts for dispersion effects, enhancing the accuracy and robustness of occupant localization. The proposed method utilizes a model-based approach to parameterize key propagation phenomena, including wave dispersion and attenuation, which are fitted to observed waveforms.

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The rumen plays an essential role in the physiology and health of ruminants. The rumen undergoes substantial changes in size and function from birth to adulthood. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are not clear.

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Quaternary ammonium compound exposure causes infertility by altering endocrine signaling and gametogenesis.

Reprod Toxicol

December 2024

VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061,  USA; E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA. Electronic address:

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are common substances utilized in cleaners, ophthalmic solutions, swimming pool treatments, cosmetics, and other consumer goods. Previous studies have shown that QAC exposure causes infertility in both male and female mice. Based on these studies, we hypothesized that oral QAC exposure negatively impacts male and female reproduction through changes in physiologic and endocrine mechanisms rather than direct toxicity to gametes.

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Mammary epithelial cell exfoliation increases as milk yield declines, lactation progresses, and parity increases.

JDS Commun

November 2024

Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.

Milk yield (MY) naturally declines after peak lactation. One approach to improving production is to increase lactation persistency, or the length of time a cow maintains lactation. To do so, cows must maintain functional secretory mammary epithelial cells (MEC), which synthesize milk.

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The identity of Striaria californica Cook, described in 1899 from a single female, is established on the basis of additional specimens collected by Cook in 1929 and determined to be that species by Loomis (1936) as well as specimens from the San Francisco Bay region, likely to be from near the original collection locality. We propose Amplaria californica (Cook, 1899) new combination. A new genus, Bayaria Shear & Marek n.

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Ice application without water drainage supports optimal hoof cooling in adult horses.

J Equine Vet Sci

December 2024

Virginia Tech, School of Animal Sciences, 175 West Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.

Cryotherapy is often used to reduce inflammation in acute equine laminitis cases. Certain hoof temperatures have been suggested as effective in minimizing the inflammatory process; however, there is limited evidence on which methods are best at achieving these temperatures. Our objective was to determine how different methods of cryotherapy influence the rate and extent of cooling for the equine hoof wall.

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Lipid-protein interactions are crucial for virtually all biological processes in living cells. However, existing structural databases focusing on these interactions are limited to integral membrane proteins. A systematic understanding of diverse lipid-protein interactions also encompassing lipid-anchored, peripheral membrane and soluble lipid binding proteins remains to be elucidated.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected Met on lactation performance, inflammation, and immune response, and liver glutathione of lactating dairy cows during a subclinical mastitis challenge (SMC). Thirty-two Holstein cows (145 ± 51 DIM) were enrolled in a randomized complete block design. At -21 d relative to the SMC, cows were assigned to dietary treatments, and data were collected before and during the SMC.

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Estimates of optimal supplies of animal-sourced foods differ by food system goal and socioeconomic context.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

December 2024

United States Dairy Forage Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Madison, WI 53706.

Reduced consumption of animal-sourced food (ASF) has been recommended for environmental and human health objectives; however, ASF can be important for food security and diet affordability. We explored country-level relationships among various metrics of food supply, socioeconomic context, food security, diet affordability, and agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) to characterize how optimal inclusion ranges for ASF vary with socioeconomic factors and food system goals. Data from 2015 to 2022 for 153 countries were sourced to generate Bayesian Networks representing relationships among the studied food system metrics.

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We study a diffusive epidemic model and examine the spatial spreading dynamics of a multi-strain infectious disease. In particular, we address the questions of competitive-exclusion or coexistence of the disease's strains. Our results indicate that if one strain has its local reproduction function spatially homogeneous, which either strictly minimizes or maximizes the basic reproduction numbers, then the phenomenon of competitive-exclusion occurs.

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In many low- and middle-income countries, school children consume untreated water that has been pumped into storage tanks. The water is often of poor quality and consumption can cause gastrointestinal illnesses resulting in missed school days, growth stunting, and cognitive impairment. This study deployed a silver-ceramic technology (MadiDrop) to disinfect drinking water in school storage tanks.

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The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is a globally distributed pest insect of medical, veterinary, and economic importance. Previous reference genome assemblies for this species were generated from short read sequencing data, resulting in a ~650 Mb composed of thousands of contigs. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level reference genome, generated from an adult Harlen strain female specimen.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study explores how epigenetic changes contribute to brain development and gene regulation in different types of neurons, specifically excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
  • - Researchers created epigenetic maps and found that specific histone modifications linked to neuron types are concentrated in regions known as super enhancers rich in EGR1 motifs.
  • - Results suggest that EGR1 binding in excitatory neurons primarily occurs in postnatal stages, while in inhibitory neurons, binding sites are accessible earlier in embryonic development, indicating different timing in gene regulation.
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Astrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis through functional gap junctions (GJs) primarily formed by connexin43 (Cx43). These GJs facilitate electrical and metabolic coupling between astrocytes, allowing the passage of ions, glucose, and metabolites. Dysregulation of Cx43 has been implicated in various pathologies, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acquired epilepsy.

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Folate, an essential vitamin B9, is crucial for diverse biological processes, including neurogenesis. Folic acid (FA) supplementation during pregnancy is a standard practice for preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). However, concerns are growing over the potential risks of excessive maternal FA intake.

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Our study objective was to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD) of spirulina fed to broiler chickens and laying hens using the difference method. In both experiments, birds were either fed corn-soybean meal basal diets, containing no spirulina and formulated to provide the nutrient requirements of either broilers or layers, or fed test diets consisting of 25% spirulina and 75% of the appropriate basal diet. Titanium dioxide was added to all diets as an indigestible marker.

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an extremely contagious and deadly virus that affects numerous bird species, posing serious threats to poultry production on a global scale. In addition to implementing biosecurity practices in farming systems, vaccination remains the most effective means of controlling Newcastle disease (ND). However, while existing commercial vaccines provide some level of protection, the effectiveness of these vaccines can be questionable, particularly in field settings where the complexity of vaccination program implementation poses significant challenges, especially against virulent genotypes of NDV.

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