Emerging trends in managed care pharmacy: A mixed-method study.

Background: Over the past 5 years, managed care pharmacy has been shaped by a global pandemic, advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI), Medicare drug price negotiation policies, and significant therapeutic developments. Collective intelligence methods can be used to anticipate future developments in practice to help organizations plan and develop new strategies around those changes.

Objective: To identify emerging trends in managed care pharmacy.

Larsucosterol for the Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis.

Background: Larsucosterol is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in development for alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), a disease for which there is no approved therapy.

Methods: In this phase 2b trial, patients with severe AH were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive 30 mg or 90 mg of larsucosterol or placebo; a second dose was administered after 72 hours if the patient remained hospitalized. All patients received supportive care as determined by investigators.

Restoring cefepime activity against multidrug-resistant KPC-producing by combination with boronic acid inhibitors, MB076 and S02030.

Foremost in the design of new β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) are the boronic acid transition state inhibitors (BATSIs). Two highly potent BATSIs being developed are S02030 and MB076 strategically designed to be active against cephalosporinases and carbapenemases, especially KPC. When combined with cefepime, S02030 and MB076 demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against laboratory and clinical strains of expressing a variety of class A and class C β-lactamases, including and .

Diet-Microbiome-ENS connection: Impact of the Cafeteria Diet.

The interplay between diet-induced obesity and gastrointestinal dysfunction is an evolving area of research with far-reaching implications for understanding the gutbrain axis interactions. In their study, Ramírez-Maldonado et al. employ a cafeteria (CAF) diet model to investigate the effects on gut microbiota, enteric nervous system (ENS) integrity and function, and gastrointestinal motility in mice.

Care Recipients' Cognitive Trajectories and Caregivers' Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Caregiving Burden.

Background And Objectives: The heterogeneity of population-based trajectories of care recipients' (CRs) cognitive functioning and how they are associated with their caregivers' mental health is less studied in the United States. Informed by the stress process model, this study examines the relationship between care recipients' cognitive trajectories and caregivers' depressive symptoms, and the mediating role of caregiving burden.

Research Design And Methods: Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011-2020) for 1,086 care recipients and their 1,675 caregivers from the 2021 National Study of Caregiving.

Ablation of LRP6 in alpha-smooth muscle actin-expressing cells abrogates lung inflammation and fibrosis upon bleomycin-induced lung injury.

Tissue fibrosis is a progressive pathological process with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM). Myofibroblasts, identified by alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression, play an important role in tissue fibrosis by producing ECM. Here, we found that the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf1 (DKK1) induced gene expressions associated with inflammation and fibrosis in lung fibroblasts.

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

Endothelial and smooth muscle cell interaction with hydrothermally treated titanium surfaces.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death worldwide, and the most common form is coronary artery disease (CAD). Treatment options include coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) or percutaneous heart intervention (PCI), but both have drawbacks. Bare metal stents (BMS) are commonly used to treat CAD; however, they lead to restenosis.

Achievement emotions in kindergarten: the association of solution accuracy with discrete joy, sadness, and surprise.

Children experience a variety of emotions in achievement settings. Yet, mathematics-related emotions other than anxiety are understudied, especially for young children entering primary school. The current study reports the prevalence and intensity of six basic, discrete achievement emotions (joy/happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear, and disgust) expressed on the faces of 15 kindergarten-aged children as they solved increasingly complex arithmetic story problems in a 3-month teaching experiment.

Using Protein Painting Mass Spectrometry to Define Ligand Receptor Interaction Sites for Acetylcholine Binding Protein.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a family of ligand-gated ion channels expressed in nervous and non-nervous system tissue important for memory, movement, and sensory processes. The pharmacological targeting of nAChRs, using small molecules or peptides, is a promising approach for the development of compounds for the treatment of various human diseases including inflammatory and neurogenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Using the acetylcholine binding protein (Ac-AChBP) as an established structural surrogate for human homopentameric α7 nAChRs, we describe an innovative protein painting mass spectrometry (MS) method that can be used to identify interaction sites for various ligands at the extracellular nAChR site.

Pioneering Use of Extracorporeal Life Support in Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest in Dubai: A Case Report.

We describe, to our knowledge, the first use in Dubai of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in a patient who suffered intraoperative cardiac arrest due to presumed cardiac channelopathy. A 40-year-old patient presented for open myomectomy surgery. She had no other medical problems apart from obesity.

Association between governmental spending on social services and health care use among low-income older adults.

Prior research demonstrates that local government spending on social policies, excluding health care, is linked to improved population health. Whether such spending is associated with better access to primary care and reduced acute care utilization remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the associations between county-level social spending and individual-level health care utilization among low-income Medicare beneficiaries, aged ≥65 years, from 2016 to 2018.

Development and Delivery of Enhanced Implementation Support to Disseminate a National Caregiver Skills Training Program.

Background And Objectives: As the population ages there is an increasing need for caregiver training programs, but little is known about how to deliver implementation support for diverse sites in large-scale implementation efforts. External group-based implementation facilitation may be one promising approach. This study's objective is to detail the development and delivery of a pragmatic implementation facilitation approach to support the national rollout of caregiver training, Caregivers FIRST, at over 140 Veterans Health Administration (VHA) sites.

Environment scan of generative AI infrastructure for clinical and translational science.

This study reports a comprehensive environmental scan of the generative AI (GenAI) infrastructure in the national network for clinical and translational science across 36 institutions supported by the CTSA Program led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the United States. Key findings indicate a diverse range of institutional strategies, with most organizations in the experimental phase of GenAI deployment. The results underscore the need for a more coordinated approach to GenAI governance, emphasizing collaboration among senior leaders, clinicians, information technology staff, and researchers.

Fatty acid oxidation-induced HIF-1α activation facilitates hepatic urate synthesis through upregulating NT5C2 and XDH.

Dyslipidemia affects approximately half of all people with gout, and prior Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal role for elevated triglycerides in hyperuricemia (HU), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that dyslipidemia promotes hepatic urate biosynthesis in HU and gout and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) drives this process. Here we developed a targeted metabolomics to quantify major metabolites in purine metabolic pathway in the sera of a human cohort with HU, gout, and normaluricemic controls.

Challenges to Achieving Surgical Equity in Slums.

There is a critical lack of surgical data on individuals who live in urban slums, which hampers the allocation of healthcare resources and the provision of preventative measures. The complex interplay of factors affecting surgical care in slums, such as trust deficits, mental health concerns, and socioeconomic barriers, necessitates a distinct academic approach. We propose that researchers should consider "slum surgical health" as an area of study separate from urban health or slum health.

Preterm Labor and Hypertensive Disorders in Adolescent Pregnancies With Diabetes Between 2006 and 2019.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the risk of preterm labor and hypertensive disorders in adolescent pregnancies with and without diabetes.

Methods: We evaluated 1,843,139 adolescents (≤20 years old) with labor and delivery admissions in the national Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) in years 2006, 2009, 2012, 2016, and 2019. International classification of disease codes was used to identify diabetes and medical factors affecting pregnancy.

A Preliminary Evaluation of the Feasibility and Efficacy of Mantra-Like Phrase Recitation in Improving Mental Health in Autistic Adults.

Objectives: Mantra recitation has been shown to improve emotional well-being in neurotypical individuals with mental health conditions; however, no research has explored its effect on the autistic population. The private, routine nature of mantra and mantra-like recitation may offer unique advantages for autistic individuals struggling with negative emotions and emotion regulation. The purpose of this study was therefore to conduct a preliminary study of the feasibility and efficacy of a self-guided, online program of reciting secular mantra-like phrases in improving negative emotions and cognitive coping mechanisms.

Identifying enablers and barriers to teleultrasound use for remote settings: A scoping review.

Introduction/purpose: Teleultrasound connects expert point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) users with remote community and rural sites. Evolving technologies including handheld devices, upgraded image quality, and the ability to transmit over low bandwidth connections increase POCUS education, accessibility, and clinical integration. Potential teleultrasound venues include low-resource settings, prehospital care, and austere environments (high altitudes, microgravity, conflict zones, etc.

Role of the Veterans Health Administration's LGBTQ+ Veteran Care Coordinators in Facilitating Care for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Veterans.

Introduction: Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals frequently encounter discrimination in health care settings. The Veterans Health Administration (VA) is committed to addressing the health disparities experienced by TGD veterans. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of TGD veterans with LGBTQ+ veteran care coordinators.

Furin-Mediated Modification Is Required for Epithelial Sodium Channel-Activating Activity of Soluble (Pro)Renin Receptor in Cultured Collecting Duct Cells.

(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) contains overlapping cleavage site for site-1 protease (S1P) and furin for generation of soluble PRR (sPRR). Although S1P-mediated cleavage mediates the release of sPRR, the functional implication of furin-mediated cleavage is unclear. Here we tested whether furin-mediated cleavage was required for the activity of sPRR in activating ENaC in cultured M-1 cells.

The fungal microbiota modulate neonatal oxygen-induced lung injury.

Background: The immature lungs of very preterm infants are exposed to supraphysiologic oxygen, contributing to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that is the most common morbidity of prematurity. While the microbiota significantly influences neonatal health, the relationship between the intestinal microbiome, particularly micro-eukaryotic members such as fungi and yeast, and lung injury severity in newborns remains unknown.

Results: Here, we show that the fungal microbiota modulates hyperoxia-induced lung injury severity in very low birth weight premature infants and preclinical pseudohumanized and altered fungal colonization mouse models.