How and why funders support engaged research.

Research that better aligns policy, practice, and research communities is gaining momentum around the world. This includes engaged research strategies that bring partners, and their diverse perspectives and kinds of knowledge, together to shape research agendas with on-the-ground-needs and to create dynamic problem-solving processes. These approaches aim to generate more equitable and effective solutions to societal challenges.

The Paradigm Shift From Patient to Health Consumer: 20 Years of Value Assessment in Health.

Health care is undergoing a "revolution," where patients are becoming consumers and armed with apps, consumer review scores, and, in some countries, high out-of-pocket costs. Although economic analyses and health technology assessment (HTA) have come a long way in their evaluation of the clinical, economic, ethical, legal, and societal perspectives that may be impacted by new technologies and procedures, these approaches do not reflect underlying patient preferences that may be important in the assessment of "value" in the current value-based health care transition. The major challenges that come with the transformation to a value-based health care system lead to questions such as "How are economic analyses, often the basis for policy and reimbursement decisions, going to switch from a societal to an individual perspective?" and "How do we then assess (economic) value, considering individual preference heterogeneity, as well as varying heuristics and decision rules?" These challenges, related to including the individual perspective in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), have been widely debated.

Patterns of belatacept use and risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in US kidney transplant recipients: An analysis of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database.

Background: Belatacept is approved for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive kidney transplant recipients and is associated with a risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).

Methods: Data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network were used to examine patterns of belatacept use, describe patient characteristics, and estimate risk of PTLD in EBV-seropositive, kidney-only transplant recipients receiving belatacept- or calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based immunosuppression as part of US Food and Drug Administration-mandated safety monitoring.

Results: During the study period (June 15, 2011-June 14, 2016), 94.

National assessment on the frequency of pain medication prescribed for intrauterine device insertion procedures within the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Background: The intrauterine device (IUD) is a highly effective form of long-acting reversible contraception, widely recognized for its convenience and efficacy. Despite its benefits, many patients report moderate to severe pain during and after their IUD insertion procedure. Furthermore, reports suggest significant variability in pain control medications, including no adequate pain medication.

Long-Term Impact of an Online Physician Group-Coaching Program to Improve Burnout and Self-Compassion in Trainees.

Goal: To evaluate long-term outcomes of Better Together Physician Coaching, a digital life-coaching program to improve resident well-being.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of survey data from the pilot program implementation between January 2021 and June 2022. An intention-to-treat analysis was completed for baseline versus post-6 months and baseline versus post-12 months for all outcome measures.

Molecular dynamics at immune synapse lipid rafts influence the cytolytic behavior of CAR T cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) targeting CD19 through CD28.ζ signaling induce rapid lysis of leukemic blasts, contrasting with persistent tumor control exhibited by 4-1BB.ζ-CART.

Reduced circulating sphingolipids and activity are linked to T2D risk and impaired insulin secretion.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a transient form of diabetes that resolves postpartum, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women. While the progression from GDM to T2D is not fully understood, it involves both genetic and environmental components. By integrating clinical, metabolomic, and genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, we identified associations between decreased sphingolipid biosynthesis and future T2D, in part through the allele of the gene in Hispanic women shortly after a GDM pregnancy.

Multiomics dissection of human RAG deficiency reveals distinctive patterns of immune dysregulation but a common inflammatory signature.

Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to a large group of -mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated with each phenotype. Although defective T and B cell development is common to all phenotypes, patients with hypomorphic variants can generate T and B cells with signatures of immune dysregulation and produce autoantibodies to a broad range of self-antigens, including type I interferons.

Gastric and Esophageal Cancer in Pregnancy: A Review.

Importance: Upper gastrointestinal cancers such as gastric and esophageal cancers are rare malignancies with poor prognosis because it is usually diagnosed in latter stages. Presenting symptoms are frequently presumed pregnancy related rather than malignancy related. This review will raise awareness to consider these aggressive cancers in evaluating gastrointestinal complaints during pregnancy.

Occupational Therapists' Role in Maternal Health in the Home Environment After Cesarean Section.

Cesarean sections (c-sections) are the most commonly performed surgery in the United States, and the country is currently facing a maternal health crisis. Surprisingly, women do not receive rehabilitation services to support the acute stages of c-section recovery. When someone undergoes a knee or hip replacement, it is standard practice for the physician to order home health services, including occupational therapy, for a client before they are discharged from the hospital.

Estimating Visual Acuity With Spectacle Correction From Fundus Photos Using Artificial Intelligence.

Importance: Determining spectacle-corrected visual acuity (VA) is essential when managing many ophthalmic diseases. If artificial intelligence (AI) evaluations of macular images estimated this VA from a fundus image, AI might provide spectacle-corrected VA without technician costs, reduce visit time, or facilitate home monitoring of VA from fundus images obtained outside of the clinic.

Objective: To estimate spectacle-corrected VA measured on a standard eye chart among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice settings using previously validated AI algorithms evaluating best-corrected VA from fundus photographs in eyes with DME.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum: Mortality and Associated Outcomes.

Data on outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited in patients with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum (PAIVS). The objective of this study was to describe the use of ECMO and the associated outcomes in patients with PAIVS. We retrospectively reviewed neonates with PAIVS who received ECMO between 2009 and 2019 in 19 US hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Research for the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (CoRe-PCICS).

"It's more than a ride" veteran perceptions of peer specialist qualities and activities that were most valuable for post-incarceration reentry: a qualitative analysis.

Background: Reentry veterans experience many barriers to achieving physical and psychological well-being. While peer specialists can provide important support to veterans as they readjust to life post-incarceration, their specific activities and qualities most valued by veterans are not well known. The Post-Incarceration Engagement (PIE) intervention, coordinated with VA's Health Care for Reentry Veterans (HCRV) program, links reentry veterans with a peer specialist who provides connection to services and social-emotional support during the reentry process.

Supplemental Operational Guidance for Minimizing Potential Inhalation Doses to Workers and Volunteers at Community Reception Centers and Public Shelters.

In the event of a nuclear explosion in an urban environment, contaminated persons may be directed to Community Reception Centers (CRC) and/or public shelters. This paper is a companion document to a previous paper that addresses the inhalation hazard to workers at a CRC from resuspension of fallout from the evacuees. To limit the inhalation hazard evacuees must be screened to prevent severely contaminated persons from entering a CRC.

MoTe Photodetector for Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics.

The integration of a photodetector that converts optical signals into electrical signals is essential for scalable integrated lithium niobate photonics. Two-dimensional materials provide a potential high-efficiency on-chip detection capability. Here, we demonstrate an efficient on-chip photodetector based on a few layers of MoTe on a thin film lithium niobate waveguide and integrate it with a microresonator operating in an optical telecommunication band.

Controlling the Crystallinity and Morphology of Bismuth Selenide via Electrochemical Exfoliation for Tailored Reverse Saturable Absorption and Optical Limiting.

As an emerging two-dimensional (2D) Group-VA material, bismuth selenide (BiSe) exhibits favorable electrical and optical properties. Here, three distinct morphologies of BiSe were obtained from bulk BiSe through electrochemical intercalation exfoliation. And the morphologies of these nanostructures can be tuned by adjusting solvent polarity during exfoliation.

Caveolin-Mediated Endocytosis: Bacterial Pathogen Exploitation and Host-Pathogen Interaction.

Within mammalian cells, diverse endocytic mechanisms, including phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis, serve as gateways exploited by many bacterial pathogens and toxins. Among these, caveolae-mediated endocytosis is characterized by lipid-rich caveolae and dimeric caveolin proteins. Caveolae are specialized microdomains on cell surfaces that impact cell signaling.

Effect of telehealth yoga on loneliness and social isolation among rural older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Loneliness and social isolation are associated with a range of deleterious health outcomes. Yoga is a mind-body physical activity that is used in health care settings and increasingly in a telehealth group format. This trial aimed to determine the effect of a brief course of telehealth yoga on loneliness among rural older adults.

Bone Turnover Markers Predict Changes in Bone Mineral Density in Men Treated with Abaloparatide: Results from ATOM.

Early increases in bone turnover markers (BTMs) in response to anabolic therapy correlate with 18-month bone mineral density (BMD) increases in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis; however, this relationship has not been assessed in men. In this analysis, the correlation between changes from baseline in fasting intact serum procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP) and serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and percent increase from baseline in BMD at 12 months in men from the randomized phase 3 ATOM study (NCT03512262) were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. The uncoupling index (UI), a measure of the balance between markers of bone formation (PINP) and bone resorption (CTX), with positive UI favoring bone formation, was calculated.

Applying Results of Extended Genotyping to Management of Positive Cervicovaginal Human Papillomavirus Test Results: Enduring Guidelines.

Objective: The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee developed recommendations for the use of extended genotyping results in cervical cancer prevention programs.

Methods: Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse were calculated using data obtained with the Onclarity HPV Assay from large cohorts. Management recommendations were based on clinical action thresholds developed for the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines.

Variation in Hypertension Control by Race and Ethnicity, and Geography in US Veterans.

Background: Hypertension control and related cardiovascular outcomes among Americans remain suboptimal, and differ by race, ethnicity, and geography. Healthcare access is one of multiple critical factors in hypertension control. Understanding the degree to which healthcare access, versus other factors, produce these outcomes can inform policies and interventions to improve cardiovascular outcomes and reduce disparities.

Undergraduate Students' Onlooker Response Prior to Arrival of Emergency Medical Services: An Assessment of Willingness to Respond.

Objectives: This study sought to assess undergraduate students' knowledge and attitudes surrounding perceived self-efficacy and threats in various common emergencies in communities of higher education.

Methods: Self-reported perceptions of knowledge and skills, as well as attitudes and beliefs regarding education and training, obligation to respond, safety, psychological readiness, efficacy, personal preparedness, and willingness to respond were investigated through 3 representative scenarios via a web-based survey.

Results: Among 970 respondents, approximately 60% reported their university had adequately prepared them for various emergencies while 84% reported the university should provide such training.

Revisiting the Visual Acuity Curves. A Proposed Methodology for the Evaluation of Postoperative Visual Acuity in Presbyopia.

Purpose: To identify the minimally required number of distances of visual acuity (VA) measurements for the reliable estimation of the visual acuity curve (VAC) and area of the curve (AoC) in presbyopia correction.

Patients And Methods: The study was divided into a validation and a clinical phase with a total recruitment of 120 participants (120 eyes) who underwent uncomplicated pseudophakic presbyopia surgery with bilateral premium intraocular lenses (IOL) implantation. This study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.