The association of state policies and opioid analgesic amount dispensed from retail pharmacies.

Importance: States have implemented multiple policies likely to influence opioid prescribing; few national general population studies examine those policies' effects on per-capita opioid morphine milligram equivalents (MME) dispensed.

Objective: To examine state policies' effects on opioids per-capita MMEs dispensed at retail pharmacies.

Design: A longitudinal study of associations between MME per capita and implementation of policy interventions at different times across states.

Deficient neutrophil responses early in influenza infection promote viral replication and pulmonary inflammation.

Neutrophils play key protective roles in influenza infections, yet excessive neutrophilic inflammation is a hallmark of acute lung injury during severe infections. Phenotypic heterogeneity is increasingly recognized in neutrophil populations; however, how functional variation in neutrophils between individuals determine the diverse outcomes of influenza remains unclear. To examine immunologic responses that may drive varying outcomes in influenza, we infected C57BL/6 (B6) and A/J mice with mouse-adapted influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 H1N1.

Brain Transcriptome Changes Associated With an Acute Increase of Protein O-GlcNAcylation and Implications for Neurodegenerative Disease.

Enhancing protein O-GlcNAcylation by pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) has been considered as a strategy to decrease tau and amyloid-beta phosphorylation, aggregation, and pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is still more to be learned about the impact of enhancing global protein O-GlcNAcylation, which is important for understanding the potential of using OGA inhibition to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the acute effect of pharmacologically increasing O-GlcNAc levels, using the OGA inhibitor Thiamet G (TG), in normal mouse brains.

The actin cytoskeleton regulates danger-associated molecular pattern signaling and PEP1 RECEPTOR1 internalization.

In plants, cytoskeletal proteins assemble into dynamic polymers that play numerous roles in diverse fundamental cellular processes, including endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, and the spatial distribution of organelles and protein complexes. Plant elicitor peptides (Peps) are damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are perceived by the receptor-like kinases PEP RECEPTOR 1 (PEPR1) and PEPR2 to enhance innate immunity and inhibit root growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To date, however, there is little evidence that the actin cytoskeleton of the host cell participates in DAMP-induced innate immunity.

Incidence and predictors of weaning failure from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in patients with cardiogenic shock.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate incidence and predictors of weaning failure and in-hospital death after successful weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS).

Methods And Results: Overall, 685 patients with CS treated with VA-ECMO from 23 tertiary care centres in 7 countries were analysed (median age 57 [interquartile range 49-66] years, 542 [79.1%] male, median lactate 7.

Use of ChatGPT to Generate Informed Consent for Surgery in Urogynecology.

Importance: Use of the publicly available Large Language Model, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT 3.5; OpenAI, 2022), is growing in health care despite varying accuracies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and readability of ChatGPT's responses to questions encompassing surgical informed consent in urogynecology.

Rise of the beta-lactams: a retrospective, comparative cohort of oral beta-lactam antibiotics as step-down therapy for hospitalized adults with acute pyelonephritis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if oral beta-lactam therapy is non-inferior to alternative therapy at discharge following inpatient treatment with an IV cephalosporin for acute pyelonephritis.

Design: Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved, multicenter, retrospective, non-inferiority cohort (15% non-inferiority margin).

Setting: Six hospitals within two healthcare systems.

Antimicrobial use before and during COVID-19: data from 108 Veterans Affairs medical centers.

Objective: Inpatient antibiotic use increased during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine whether these changes persisted in persons with and without COVID-19 infection.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Recurrent glioblastoma in national guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas: A matter of European practice variation.

Introduction: The optimal treatment for recurrent glioblastoma patients remains not well-defined in international guidelines. On top of that, the availability of national guidelines is uncharted.

Research Question: This study aimed to investigate the availability of national guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of adult glioma throughout Europe, specifically focusing on recurrent glioblastoma.

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using magnetic levitation centrifugal pumps for fulminant myocarditis in infants, children and young adults.

Background: Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a potentially lethal disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, thus making the diagnosis hard to depict. In cases where acute circulatory failure occurs venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is a valid management strategy, especially in the pediatric and adult patients. This study aims to report the results of VA ECMO for FM in our Institution.

Current and potential contributions of large-scale food fortification to meeting micronutrient requirements in Senegal: a modelling study using household food consumption data.

Introduction: Micronutrient deficiencies are common among women of reproductive age (WRA) and children in Senegal. Large-scale food fortification (LSFF) can help fill gaps in dietary intakes.

Methods: We used household food consumption data to model the contributions of existing LSFF programs (vitamin A-fortified refined oil and iron and folic acid-fortified wheat flour) and the potential contributions of expanding these programs to meeting the micronutrient requirements of WRA (15-49 years) and children (6-59 months).

Virtual assessment of internal rotation in reverse shoulder arthroplasty based on statistical shape models of scapular size.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess impingement-free internal rotation (IR) in a virtual reverse shoulder arthroplasty simulation using a Statistical Shape Model based on scapula size.

Methods: A database of over 10,000 scapulae utilized for preoperative planning for shoulder arthroplasty was analyzed with a Statistical Shape Model to obtain 5 scapula sizes including the mean and 2 standard deviations. For each scapula model, one glenosphere size (33-42 mm) was selected as the best fit based on consensus among 3 shoulder surgeons.

Extracavitary Cardiac Calcific Amorphous Tumors Compressing Biventricular Outflow Tracts.

Extracavitary cardiac calcific amorphous tumors/masses are extremely rare. We present a case report of a 62-year-old man with end-stage renal disease who presented with extracavitary cardiac calcific amorphous tumors/masses compressing the biventricular outflow tracts, resulting in hemodynamic compromise and progressive limitation of activities. The patient was successfully treated with surgery, with complete resolution of symptoms and markedly improved quality of life.

Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Cardiac Metastases.

A 60-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue had atypical chest pain and mild troponin elevation. No significant electrocardiogram changes or arrhythmias were noted. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed several myocardial metastases with pericardial involvement, confirmed by positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Clinical Confidence, Certification, and Connectedness: Impact of a Journal Club for Inpatient Psychiatry Faculty.

Introduction: Inpatient psychiatry faculty manage complex clinical, administrative, and legal issues amid increasing mental health service utilization rates, limiting time for (1) focusing on lifelong learning and (2) connecting. We examined the impact of a monthly journal club on inpatient psychiatry faculty's (1) confidence that their practice is evidence informed, (2) stress related to board recertification, and (3) sense of connectedness with peers.

Methods: We employed a primarily qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and brief survey questions to elicit input from inpatient psychiatry faculty at an academic medical center on their experience participating in a monthly journal club, including perceived changes in one's practice of evidence-based medicine, recertification stress, and connectedness with peers.

Systematic review of the effects of topical oxygen therapy on wound healing.

Background: Various adjunct therapies are available for wound healing in addition to standard care. Topical oxygen therapy (TCOT) is one such novel therapy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of TCOT in the healing of cutaneous wounds of any etiology.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Events in Adults With CKD: The CRIC Study.

Rationale & Objective: In the general population, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to be associated with cardiovascular risk, but this relationship has not been well studied among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study seeked to evaluate the association between neighborhood SES and cardiovascular outcomes in a CKD cohort.

Study Design: Multicenter prospective cohort.

Telehealth for Goals of Care Conversations in Advanced CKD: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of US Veterans and Their Clinicians.

Rationale & Objective: Engaging patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in goals of care (GOC) conversations is essential to align life-sustaining treatments with patient preferences. This pilot study described the feasibility of engaging older Veterans with advanced CKD in GOC conversations via telehealth by (1) comparing patient characteristics, including life-sustaining treatment note completion rates and preferences by visit modality, and (2) exploring Veteran and clinician perspectives surrounding telehealth GOC conversations.

Study Design: Mixed-method convergent design including a prospective, quantitative observational cohort analysis (n = 40) and qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 4 clinicians and 11 Veterans.

Acute exacerbation of COPD: Physiotherapy practice and factors that influence management.

Background: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in South Africa. Physiotherapy practice and factors that influence management of patients with AECOPD are unknown.

Objectives: To explore physiotherapy practice in the management of patients with AECOPD in South African private healthcare settings and to identify and describe factors that influence physiotherapy patient management.

Outcome Measures to Evaluate Functional Recovery in Survivors of Respiratory Failure: A Scoping Review.

Background: Respiratory failure is a life-threatening condition affecting millions of individuals in the United States annually. Survivors experience persistent functional impairments, decreased quality of life, and cognitive impairments. However, no established standard exists for measuring functional recovery among survivors of respiratory failure.

Growth of the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly and the role of for-profit programs.

The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is a managed care program financed by capitated government payments that primarily serves adults aged 55 or older requiring nursing home level of care who are dual-eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. While PACE programs have historically been nonprofit entities, in 2016, a regulation change allowed for-profit PACE programs to help expand the program. We describe PACE program growth from 2010 to 2022.

Moving toward Interprofessional Teaching in the Intensive Care Unit: A Mixed Methods Study.

Background: There is an evolving focus on interprofessional education (IPE) to promote teamwork and collaboration in health professions education. Studies in medical students have shown that exposure to IPE leads to perceived improvements in interprofessional communication, effective work in healthcare teams, and understanding of professional limitations. Most research focuses on IPE in undergraduate medical education; less is known about how this functions in graduate medical education.

Association of Rate of Functional Recovery With Therapy Time and Content Among Adults With Acquired Brain Injuries in Inpatient Rehabilitation.

Objective: To examine associations among the time and content of rehabilitation treatment with self-care and mobility functional gain rate for adults with acquired brain injury.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using electronic health record and administrative billing data.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation unit at a large, academic medical center.