Primary care diabetes in Ukraine.

People with diabetes in Ukraine are cared for by endocrinology specialists. Implementation of the National Diabetes Plan solved the problem of free insulin supply. However, many problems of diabetic care, including increase of accessibility to some laboratory tests and treatments, are still unresolved.

Effect of o,p'-DDD and Li+ on apoptotic DNA fragmentation in conventionally normal and tumour tissues of human adrenal cortex.

The actions of 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane (o,p'-DDD), potassium and lithium ions upon apoptotic processes in conventionally normal and tumour tissues of human adrenal cortex were studied. There was no effect of K+ on the apoptosis in tumour tissue. o,p'-DDD--the specific drug for conservative therapy of adrenocortical cancer--enhanced the apoptotic DNA fragmentation in all tested tissues.

[The ultrastructure and function of lymphocytes in children with first detected untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Flow cytometry (FACS-analysis), light and electron microscopy, and cytotoxic test were used to study the leukocytic composition, content, ultrastructure, and function of different lymphocytic populations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, and CD56+ cells) in the blood of 90 children aged 8 to 15 years who had untreated new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. A control group consisted of 45 apparently healthy normoglycemic children. The sick children were observed to have a slight, but statistically significant reduction in the relative and absolute blood content of CD3+, CD4+, and CD56+ cells, CD4/CD8 index and particularly large granule-containing lymphocytes (the morpho-logical homologue of natural Idller (NK) cells).

[Gamma-aminobutyric acid in some non-neural tissues].

In this review modern data are presented on localization of GABA, functional characteristics and structure of the enzymes of GABA metabolism, transporters, and different types of GABA receptors in kidney, bladder, heart, blood vessels, spleen, skin and muscles.

[The effect of a nonprotein spleen factor on the course of delayed-type hypersensitivity and graft versus host reactions].

The effects of splenoside on the reactions of delayed-type hypersensitivity and graft versus host were investigated. Even single splenoside injection (50 mg/10 g b.w.

[Specific binding of GABA in the adrenal glands and catecholamine blood and adrenal gland levels in rats under stress with inhibited functioning of the hypothalamus-hypophyseal-adrenocortical systems].

Forced swimming of intact rats was accompanied by an activation of the hormonal link in sympatho-adrenal system and by a decrease in the level of specific binding of 14C-GABA by adrenal plasma membranes; the former was prevented with the administration of GABAergic preparations (baclofen, GABA-taurine) before stress. Under inhibition of the function of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis following multiple hydrocortisone administration and, in presence of developing metabolic disorders and adrenal secretion of catecholamines, the latter reacted to stress by a decrease in adrenalin, noradrenaline and dopamine secretion without changing the intensity of specific binding of GABA. Administration of GABAergic preparations before stress prevented the development of stress disorders of noradrenaline and dopamine secretion partially or completely, and sodium thiosulphate administration increased acutely specific binding of GABA with adrenal plasma membranes simultaneously preventing the accumulation of adrenal noradrenaline and the decrease in blood DOPA level.

[Physical endurance in rats exposed prenatally to stress of exogenous glucocorticoids].

Gender- and age-related peculiarities of the influence of prenatal stress or exogenous glucocorticoids on physical endurance in rats were found in the experiments using fatigue test. Normal adult females were of greater endurance than males. Prenatal stress resulted in increased physical fatigue mainly in females while sexual differences were reversed.

[Blood level of gamma-aminobutyric acid--"peripheral index" of the state of central neuromediator system].

The review summarized data on contents of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in blood of normal animal and humans, in blood of different animal species under experimental effects and modelling of pathological states, as well as in human blood in the presence nervous and endocrine diseases. Determination of GABA concentration in blood, taking into account the accessibility of study object, absence of significant sex, age, seasonal, diurnal fluctuations, as well as stability of amino acid level during the laboratory assay procedure, may be useful for the study of central neuromediator mechanisms, and allows, using representative samples and corresponding groups of comparison, to obtain data on disturbances of functional state of the GABAergic system under conditions of brain pathology.

[The effect of chloditan on synthetic processes in the adrenal gland cells of newborn piglets].

In experiments with a primary culture of adrenal cells, it has been studied the influence of chloditane, as a specific inhibitor of adrenocortical function, on the synthetic processes in the newborn pig adrenal cells, whose organ and cell cultures are more and more used as transplantation material for the treatment of adrenal insufficiency. It has been shown that incubation of adrenocorticocytes with chloditane (final concentration in culture medium: 1 to 10,000 ng/ml) during 24 hours had a marked negative dose-dependent effect on the indices of inclusion of 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine into the nucleic acids. In the presence of a maximum chloditane concentration, inclusion made, respectively, 16.