Growth, Safety and Tolerance in Infants Fed Rice Protein Hydrolysate Formula: The GRITO Randomised Controlled Trial.

: Hydrolysed rice formula (HRF) is tolerated by >90% of children with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). However, concerns have been raised about potential suboptimal growth in infants fed HRF compared to those fed an extensively hydrolysed milk protein formula (eHF). : To compare growth, safety and tolerance acquisition in infants with CMPA when fed HRF versus eHF.

Exogenous ketone bodies and the ketogenic diet as a treatment option for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Background: Despite being the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, there are comparatively few treatment options available to patients presenting with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The ketogenic diet has historically shown therapeutic utility in treating refractory epilepsy, an adjacent neuropsychiatric condition, in children, adolescents and adults. The following review explores preclinical and clinical literature focusing on the therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet and exogenous ketone body supplementation in treating common neurodevelopmental disorders.

Exploratory functional and quality of life outcomes with daily consumption of the ketone ester bis-octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol in healthy older adults: a randomized, parallel arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Ketone bodies are metabolites produced during fasting or on a ketogenic diet that have pleiotropic effects on the inflammatory and metabolic aging pathways underpinning frailty in models. Ketone esters (KEs) are compounds that induce hyperketonemia without dietary changes and that may impact physical and cognitive function in young adults. The functional effects of KEs have not been studied in older adults.

Examining How Student Identities Interact with an Immersive Field Ecology Course and its Implications for Graduate School Education.

One of the central issues in ecology is the underrepresentation of individuals from diverse backgrounds. This underrepresentation starts at the undergraduate level and continues into graduate programs, contributing to a need for more diversity in the discipline. We hypothesize that the interplay of students' identities and contextual factors influence how students perceive their sense of belonging in a field-based discipline.

Partnering with Students to Develop a Capstone for a Graduate Health Informatics Program.

Objective:  This study aimed to assess the desirability, feasibility, and sustainability of integrating a project-based capstone course with the course-based curriculum of an interdisciplinary MSc Health Informatics program guided by a student-partnered steering committee and student-centered approach.

Methods:  We conducted an online cross-sectional survey ( = 87) and three semistructured focus groups ( = 18) of health informatics students and alumni. Survey data were analyzed descriptively.

Ketone monoester attenuates declines in cognitive performance and oxygen saturation during acute severe hypoxic exposure under resting conditions.

Exogenous ketone supplements are a potential augmentation strategy for cognitive resilience during acute hypoxic exposure due to their capacity to attenuate the decline in oxygen (O) availability, and by providing an alternative substrate for cerebral metabolism. Utilizing a single-blind randomized crossover design, 16 male military personnel (age, 25.3 ± 2.

Daily consumption of ketone ester, bis-octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol, is safe and tolerable in healthy older adults in a randomized, parallel arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study.

Objectives: Ketone bodies are endogenous metabolites produced during fasting or a ketogenic diet that have pleiotropic effects on aging pathways. Ketone esters (KEs) are compounds that induce ketosis without dietary changes, but KEs have not been studied in an older adult population. The primary objective of this trial was to assess the tolerability and safety of KE ingestion in a cohort of older adults.

Neisserial adhesin A (NadA) binds human Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 with high affinity and promotes bacterial adhesion/invasion.

Neisserial adhesin A (NadA) is a meningococcal surface protein included as recombinant antigen in 4CMenB, a protein-based vaccine able to induce protective immune responses against serogroup B (MenB). Although NadA is involved in the adhesion/invasion of epithelial cells and human myeloid cells, its function in meningococcal physiology is still poorly understood. To clarify the role played by NadA in the host-pathogen interaction, we sought to identify its cellular receptors.

A randomized open-label, observational study of the novel ketone ester, bis octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol, and its acute effect on ß-hydroxybutyrate and glucose concentrations in healthy older adults.

Bis-octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol (BO-BD) is a novel ketone ester (KE) ingredient which increases blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations rapidly after ingestion. KE is hypothesized to have beneficial metabolic effects on health and performance, especially in older adults. Whilst many studies have investigated the ketogenic effect of KE in young adults, they have not been studied in an exclusively older adult population, for whom age-related differences in body composition and metabolism may alter the effects.

Association Between Chest Compression Pause Duration and Survival After Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background: The association between chest compression (CC) pause duration and pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes is unknown. The American Heart Association has recommended minimizing pauses in CC in children to <10 seconds, without supportive evidence. We hypothesized that longer maximum CC pause durations are associated with worse survival and neurological outcomes.

Phenol as proton shuttle and buffer for lithium-mediated ammonia electrosynthesis.

Ammonia is a crucial component in the production of fertilizers and various nitrogen-based compounds. Now, the lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction reaction (Li-NRR) has emerged as a promising approach for ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions. The proton shuttle plays a critical role in the proton transfer process during Li-NRR.

Plasma Lipidomic Profiling Using Mass Spectrometry for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis and Disease Activity Stratification (LipidMS).

This investigation explores the potential of plasma lipidomic signatures for aiding in the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and evaluating the clinical course and disease activity of diseased patients. Plasma samples from 60 patients with MS (PwMS) were clinically stratified to either a relapsing-remitting (RRMS) or a chronic progressive MS course and 60 age-matched controls were analyzed using state-of-the-art direct infusion quantitative shotgun lipidomics. To account for potential confounders, data were filtered for age and BMI correlations.

The Vaginal Microbiota, Human Papillomavirus Infection, and Cervical Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review in the Latina Population.

Background: Latina women experience disproportionately higher rates of HPV infection, persistence, and progression to cervical dysplasia and cancer compared to other racial-ethnic groups. This systematic review explores the relationship between the cervicovaginal microbiome and human papillomavirus infection, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer in Latinas.

Methods: The review abides by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Phytobiotic-Prebiotic Feed Additive Containing a Combination of Carob Pulp, Chicory, and Fenugreek Improve Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Fecal Microbiota of Fattening Pigs.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a phytobiotic-prebiotic feed additive (PPFA, which contains a combination of chicory and extracts of carob pulp and fenugreek) in the diets of fattening pigs on growth indicators, carcass characteristics, and fecal microbiota. A total of 329 crossbred pigs were randomly divided into two dietary treatments, including a basal diet without additives as the control group and a basal diet supplemented with 1 kg/T PPFA as the trial group. The PPFA supplementation led to a significant increase in the body weight gain and average daily gain of the trial group compared to those of the control group after 70 days of feeding.

Organic-Inorganic Rare-Earth Double Perovskite Ferroelectric with Large Piezoelectric Response and Ferroelasticity for Flexible Composite Energy Harvesters.

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) ferroelectric materials have great potential for developing self-powered electronic transducers owing to their impressive piezoelectric performance, structural tunability and low processing temperatures. Nevertheless, their inherent brittle and low elastic moduli limit their application in electromechanical conversion. Integration of HOIP ferroelectrics and soft polymers is a promising solution.

New Multicomponent Optimization Scheme for Equiatomic Vanadium-Titanium Nanoparticle Study.

We present a new multicomponent structure prediction method named MRS-Swap searching, which is inspired by space symmetry and swap of different atomic species. For the pure titanium cluster, a new ground-state structure of the Ti cluster with higher symmetry relative to a previous study was found by our method. Based on the structural analysis of Ti (n = 2k, k = 2-11), V (n = 2k, k = 2-11), and TiV ( = = 2-11) systems, we found that the lowest energy structures of these three systems are very similar, which indicates that equiatomic vanadium-titanium-mixed clusters do not change their ground-state structure relative to the same size pure vanadium and titanium cluster.

The Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence, Implementation Strategies, Practical Guidance, and Future Directions.

Dietary therapy is increasingly recognized for the management of Crohn's disease (CD) over recent years, including the use of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) as first-line therapy for pediatric CD according to current guidelines. The Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) is a whole-food diet designed to reduce exposure to dietary components that are potentially pro-inflammatory, mediated by negative effects on the gut microbiota, immune response, and the intestinal barrier. The CDED has emerged as a valid alternative to EEN with cumulative evidence, including randomized controlled trials, supporting use for induction of remission and possibly maintenance in children and adults.

Associations Between End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality, and Survival.

Background: Supported by laboratory and clinical investigations of adult cardiopulmonary arrest, resuscitation guidelines recommend monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO) as an indicator of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality, but they note that "specific values to guide therapy have not been established in children."

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded ancillary study of children in the ICU-RESUS trial (Intensive Care Unit-Resuscitation Project; NCT02837497). Hospitalized children (≤18 years of age and ≥37 weeks postgestational age) who received chest compressions of any duration for cardiopulmonary arrest, had an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube at the start of CPR, and evaluable intra-arrest ETCO data were included.

Dietary Interventions in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of the Evidence with Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic colon inflammation caused by genetic and environmental factors, including diet. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of diet on UC management in children and adults (2) Methods: A comprehensive search across databases yielded relevant studies, and risk of bias in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. This study was conducted in conformity to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines.

Rare variant associations with plasma protein levels in the UK Biobank.

Integrating human genomics and proteomics can help elucidate disease mechanisms, identify clinical biomarkers and discover drug targets. Because previous proteogenomic studies have focused on common variation via genome-wide association studies, the contribution of rare variants to the plasma proteome remains largely unknown. Here we identify associations between rare protein-coding variants and 2,923 plasma protein abundances measured in 49,736 UK Biobank individuals.

The TFPIα C-terminal tail is essential for TFPIα-FV-short-protein S complex formation and synergistic enhancement of TFPIα.

Background: For maximal TFPIα functionality, 2 synergistic cofactors, protein S and FV-short, are required. Both interact with TFPIα, protein S through Kunitz 3 residues Arg199/Glu226 and FV-short with the C-terminus. How these interactions impact the synergistic enhancement remains unclear.

Analysis of the Effect of the TRPC4/TRPC5 Blocker, ML204, in Sucrose-Induced Metabolic Imbalance.

Sugar-induced metabolic imbalances are a major health problem since an excessive consumption of saccharides has been linked to greater obesity rates at a global level. Sucrose, a disaccharide composed of 50% glucose and 50% fructose, is commonly used in the food industry and found in a range of fast, restaurant, and processed foods. Herein, we investigated the effects of a TRPC4/TRPC5 blocker, ML204, in the metabolic imbalances triggered by early exposure to sucrose-enriched diet in mice.