[The pattern of the lateral phylogenetic branch development].

The lateral phylogenetic branch is S-formed, when regarded in the time-divergency degree coordinates. On the initial side of the curve, the rate of divergency development is low to increase in the middle, and to fall down again on the final side. In result, within one phylogenetic branch all the taxa appear to be typologically diverse.

Kranz anatomy is not essential for terrestrial C4 plant photosynthesis.

An important adaptation to CO2-limited photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, algae and some plants was development of CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCM). Evolution of a CCM occurred many times in flowering plants, beginning at least 15-20 million years ago, in response to atmospheric CO2 reduction, climate change, geological trends, and evolutionary diversification of species. In plants, this is achieved through a biochemical inorganic carbon pump called C4 photosynthesis, discovered 35 years ago.

[On the problem og higher fungi origin: Florideae hypothesis].

The history and current state of the hypothesis of the origin of higher fungi (Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes) and red algae from the common ancestor (Florideae) were analysed. Initially the hypothesis was based on similarity of their vegetative and generative structures (Sachs, 1874; Dodge, 1914; Chadefaund, 1953, 1972, etc.), but later it was confirmed by ultrastructural data (Demoulin, 1974; Kohlmeyer, 1975).

[Reorganization of the chloroplast thylakoid system during decay of acquired thermotolerance of photosynthesis and aging of wheat leaves].

A 3 hours heating at 39 degrees C of 14-day old wheat plants increases the termotolerance of photosynthesis, and also the length and number of thylakoids in chloroplast in mature leaves. The acquired termotolerance disappears within 10 days. Simultaneously the intensity of photosynthesis and the length of thylakoids decrease.

[The smooth endoplasmic reticulum develops in mesophyll cells of early-spring ephemerals].

A study was made of the mesophyll cell ultrastructure of early-spring ephemerals Scilla sibirica, Crocus vernus, Galanthus caucasicus, G. plicatus, Leucojum vernum, Muscari szovitsianum, Ornithogalum balansae of summer-vegetating. Scilla scilloides and of S.

Repair of functional and ultrastructural alterations after thermal injury of Physarum polycephalum.

Repair of thermal injury of Physarum polycephalum Schw. plasmodia has been studied by light and electron microscopy. As a result of heating the plasmodia for 10 min at 42°C both the unordered and shuttle protoplasmic streaming were arrested; the outer plasmodial membrane showed alterations at sites of contact with water; the onset of the next mitosis was considerably delayed.