Distribution and assessment of trace metals in modern bottom sediments in the southwestern Chukchi Sea.

Sediment samples from 53 stations of the southwestern Chukchi sea were investigated to the spatial distributions and assess the state of trace metals contamination using ecological indices. The mean concentrations (mg kg) in sediments were: Cr (70.5), Ni (41.

Ocean-Bottom Laser Seismograph.

This paper describes an ocean-bottom laser seismograph, based on the modified laser meter of hydrosphere pressure variations, and designed to record vertical bottom displacements at the place of its location. Its measuring accuracy is about 1 nm, limited by the stability of the laser emission, which can be improved by using more advanced lasers. The purpose of this instrument is to measure the displacements of the seabed's upper layer in the low-frequency sonic and infrasonic ranges.

Radiolarian data from the submarine Vityaz Ridge, Northwest Pacific, for biostratigraphic and paleoceanographic reconstructions.

Radiolaria are marine siliceous microfossils used to reconstruct paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic events. This report presents a dataset obtained from radiolarian analysis for the biostratigraphic and paleoceanographic reconstructions of the submarine Vityaz Ridge and the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench paraxial zone. Data were obtained from dredge samples collected during the 4th cruise of the R/V Akademik A.

Entanglement of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in man-made marine debris on Tyuleniy Island, Sea of Okhotsk.

The present report provides data on entanglement of Steller sea lions (SSL) in marine debris on Tyuleniy Island, Sea of Okhotsk. The frequency of entanglement depending on the material, sex, and age of animals was estimated. A total of 133 SSL were recorded as having debris on their bodies, or an average of 22.

Exposure of adult sand dollars (Scaphechinus mirabilis) (Agassiz, 1864) to copper oxide nanoparticles induces gamete DNA damage.

The increase in the number of products containing nanoparticles (NPs) poses a real threat to the environment. Recently, more evidence has been added to predictive models about the presence of NPs in various natural and anthropogenic systems. The acute toxicity of most aquatic NPs has now been well documented.

Distribution and contamination assessment of trace metals in surface sediments of the South China Sea, Vietnam.

The distribution and enrichment of trace metals in sediments of the South China Sea along the entire coast of Vietnam were described. The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb in the sediments showed a significant positive correlation with fine-sized fractions and TOC. In contrast, the concentration of As was not positively correlated with particle size and other metals.

Trace metals in surface sediments from the Laptev and East Siberian Seas: Levels, enrichment, contamination assessment, and sources.

Trace metals in Laptev and East Siberian Sea sediments were analyzed to examine the element distribution pattern and to assess sediment contamination using contamination indices. The maximum Cr, Zn, Ni, Cu, and As concentrations occurred in the deeper parts of the East Siberian and Laptev Seas and the estuarine shelves of the Lena and Yana Rivers, and a high Cd content was observed in the sediment of the eastern part of the East Siberian Sea. The increased Cd concentration could be a result of the large number of phytoplankton supplied by the highly productive waters of the Bering Sea and the sorption capacity of Cd precipitation on Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides in seawater.

Genotoxicity of Infection in a Rat Model of Simultaneous Pulmonary and Hepatic Paragonimiasis.

Parasites cause numerous health issues in humans, eventually leading to significant social and economic damage; however, the mechanisms of parasite-mediated pathogenesis are not well understood. Nevertheless, it is clearly evidenced that cancerogenic fluke-induced chronic inflammations and cancer are closely associated with oxidative stress. (1) Methods: The infection's genotoxic potential was assessed in a rat model of simultaneous pulmonary and hepatic paragonimiasis by the alkaline version of single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay).

Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in Echinoderms: Structure and Possible Functions.

Echinoderms are one of the most ancient groups of invertebrates. The study of their genomes has made it possible to conclude that these animals have a wide variety of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The phylogenetic analysis shows that the MMPs and TIMPs underwent repeated duplication and active divergence after the separation of Ambulacraria (Echinodermata+Hemichordata) from the Chordata.

Steller Sea Lion () at Tuleny Island, Russia in Autumn 2018: Abundance, Composition, and Entanglement.

The Steller sea lion (SSL, ) inhabits the North Pacific Ocean off both the North American and Asian coasts. The abundance of the species in Asia declined by more than half in the second part of the 20th century. Decline recurred in the second decade of the 21th century after a short period of restoration.

Analysis of essential and non-essential trace elements in the organs of a mother-fetus pair of spotted seals (Phoca largha) from the Sea of Japan.

Concentrations of 22 essential and non-essential trace elements (Be, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb, Th, U, and Hg) were measured in the organs of a mother-fetus pair (at the last trimester of pregnancy) of spotted seals from the Sea of ​Japan. The concentrations of eleven elements are reported for the first time. Eight organs of the pair were examined: lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, intestines, spleen, muscles, and bones.

Assessment of mercury levels in modern sediments of the East Siberian Sea.

Mercury (Hg) is an important environmental indicator of anthropogenic pollution. In this study, the Hg content in the bottom sediments of the East Siberian Sea was observed to range from 13 to 92 ppb, with an average of 36 ppb. Facies dependence was also observed and expressed as an increase in the Hg concentration in fine-sized sediments on the shelf edge and continental slope, compared to that in the sandy silts and sands of the inner shelf.

Quantitative study of the behavior of two broadcast spawners, the sea urchins and , during mass spawning events in situ.

Background: The spatial distribution of spawners and temporal parameters of spawning in motile invertebrates with external fertilization might influence reproductive success. However, to date, data on the prespawning and spawning behaviors of broadcast spawners in the field have been scarce and mostly qualitative. The present study was intended to clarify the behavioral adaptations of two sea urchin species, and , using quantitative analysis of their behavior during mass spawning events under natural conditions.

Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Potential Targets for Anti-Cancer Activity of Marine Invertebrate-Derived Compounds.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are M2 phenotype dominant and promote tumor growth and metastasis. The new cancer treatment strategy includes TAM targeting and is aimed primarily at reprogramming TAMs toward the M1 phenotype or reducing the number and activity of M2 macrophages. Several marine invertebrate-derived drugs, combining efficacy and a low level of side effects, were approved for use in the cancer therapy.

Distribution of floating marine macro-litter in relation to oceanographic characteristics in the Russian Arctic Seas.

The main objectives of this work were the acquisition of new data on floating marine macro litter (FMML) and natural floating objects in the Arctic seas, an initial assessment of the level of pollution by FMML and an analysis of potential sources. The results of this study present the first data on FMML distribution in Russian Arctic shelf seas in relation to oceanographic conditions (i.e.

Source apportionment of methane escaping the subsea permafrost system in the outer Eurasian Arctic Shelf.

The East Siberian Arctic Shelf holds large amounts of inundated carbon and methane (CH). Holocene warming by overlying seawater, recently fortified by anthropogenic warming, has caused thawing of the underlying subsea permafrost. Despite extensive observations of elevated seawater CH in the past decades, relative contributions from different subsea compartments such as early diagenesis, subsea permafrost, methane hydrates, and underlying thermogenic/ free gas to these methane releases remain elusive.

The role of the cadmium-binding protein response of the digestive gland of the Yesso scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) for marine environmental assessments.

The ability of Pectinidae to accumulate heavy metals and store them in their tissues allows the use of scallops for biomonitoring marine pollution. High molecular weight metallothionein (MT)-like proteins (MTlps) play a central role in this process. Two major MTlps (72 and 43 kDa) have been identified in the digestive glands of Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Yesso scallop).

Trace metals in deep-sea sediments collected from Kuril Basin (Sea of Okhotsk) and Kuril-Kamchatka Trench area.

Heavy metal concentrations in deep-sea sediments collected from Kuril Basin (Sea of Okhotsk) and Kuril-Kamchatka Trench area were analyzed. For the Kuril Basin, a geochemical natural background of these elements was identified based on a dated core. The results showed enrichment by heavy metals due to natural factors in the study area.

Migrations of young spotted seals (Phoca largha) from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan/East Sea, and the pattern of their use of seasonal habitats.

We studied the migrations of young spotted seals during their annual cycle. In May 2017, we attached satellite tags (SPOT-293A) to three individuals (two underyearlings and one yearling) captured at their breeding ground in Peter the Great Bay, western Sea of Japan/East Sea. The operational time of the installed tags ranged from 207 to 333 days; a total of 27195 locations were uploaded.

Supersensitive Detector of Hydrosphere Pressure Variations.

This paper presents an instrument based on an equal-arm Michelson interferometer and a frequency-stabilized helium-neon laser. It is designed to record hydrosphere pressure variations in the frequency range from 0 (conventionally) to 1000 Hz, with accuracy of 0.24 mPa at sea depths of up to 50 m.

Distribution of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) from the Sea of Japan to the Arctic, and Hg(0) evasion fluxes in the Eastern Arctic Seas: Results from a joint Russian-Chinese cruise in fall 2018.

The Eastern Arctic Seas and the north-western Pacific are among the most poorly investigated areas as far as Hg cycling in marine systems is concerned. Continuous measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) concentrations in the marine boundary layer and Hg(0) evasion fluxes from the sea surface were performed in these regions in fall 2018. Atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations of 1.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Estuaries of Two Rivers of the Sea of Japan.

The seasonal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) variability was studied in the estuaries of the Partizanskaya River and the Tumen River, the largest transboundary river of the Sea of Japan. The PAH levels were generally low over the year; however, the PAH concentrations increased according to one of two seasonal trends, which were either an increase in PAHs during the cold period, influenced by heating, or a PAH enrichment during the wet period due to higher run-off inputs. The major PAH source was the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, but a minor input of petrogenic PAHs in some seasons was observed.

Correlation of the siboglinid (Annelida: Siboglinidae) distribution to higher concentrations of hydrocarbons in the Sea of Okhotsk.

Siboglinids are a characteristic feature of reducing environments. More than 75% of all siboglinids were found in the Sea of Okhotsk at a depth of less than 400 m, while some species are known to inhabit the abyssal depth in other regions. Among the six species of siboglinids encountered in the Sea of Okhotsk, only two are widespread: Siboglinum caulleryi and Oligobrachia dogieli.