BODIPY in Alzheimer's disease diagnostics: A review.

Timely diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease remains one of the greatest questions in medicinal chemistry of neurodegenerative disease. The lack of low-cost sensors capable of reliable detection of structural changes in AD-related proteins is the driving factor for the development of novel molecules with affinity for AD hallmarks. The development of cheap, safe diagnostic methods is a highly sought-after area of research.

Evaluation of the Optimal Number of Implanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Syrinx and Recovery of Motor Activity after Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.

The present work aims at determining the most effective dose (number) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for its transplantation in order to treat chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) in mature Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24). MSC were obtained from bone marrow of 4-6-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Four weeks after SCI, MSC suspension (4 μl) was injected to experimental animals into the injured area in doses of 4×10, 8×10, or 10.

Prospects for the use of olfactory mucosa cells in bioprinting for the treatment of spinal cord injuries.

The review focuses on the most important areas of cell therapy for spinal cord injuries. Olfactory mucosa cells are promising for transplantation. Obtaining these cells is safe for patients.

Intranasal neuropeptide Y is most effective in some aspects of acute stress compared to melatonin, oxytocin and orexin.

In the current study, we compared the effects of a single intranasal administration of clomipramine with effects of four neuropeptides, melatonin, oxytocin, orexin, and neuropeptide Y, to compare them in an acute stress model. The anti-stress effect was evaluated in the sucrose preference and forced swimming tests. Serum corticosterone level in rats was measured to evaluate the stress response.

Obtaining a New Gene-Cell Construct Based on Transduced Olfactory Ensheathing Cells for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries.

We developed a viral vector Ad5/35-CAG-mBDNF expressing the mature form of BDNF (mBDNF). On the basis of olfactory ensheathing cells transduced with this adenovector, a new gene-cell construct was obtained. In experiments in vitro, high viability of the transduced olfactory ensheathing cells and enhanced secretion of BDNF by these cells were observed.

Dose-Dependent Effects of Intravenous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Rats with Acute Focal Cerebral Ischemia.

Intravenous transplantation of mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSC) is a promising approach to the treatment of ischemic stroke. In the published reports of the already completed preclinical and clinical studies the dosages of transplanted MSC greatly vary. However, the optimal dosage has not been determined.

Study of the Therapeutic Efficiency of Transduced Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Spinal Cord Cysts.

Posttraumatic spinal cord cysts are difficult to treat with medication and surgery. Gene-cell therapy is a promising area of treatment for such patients. However, optimal gene-cell construct for this therapy has not been developed.

The Behavior and Postnatal Development in Infant and Juvenile Rats After Ultrasound-Induced Chronic Prenatal Stress.

Fetal development is susceptible to environmental factors. One such factor is exposure to stress during pregnancy. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic prenatal stress (PS) on the development and behavior of rat offspring during infancy and juvenile ages.

The role of oxytocin and vasopressin dysfunction in cognitive impairment and mental disorders.

Oxytocin (OXT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) are structurally homologous peptide hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus. Nowadays, the role of OXT and AVP in the regulation of social behaviour and emotions is generally known. However, recent researches indicate that peptides also participate in cognitive functioning.

Early Death Incidence and Prediction in Stage IV Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND The early death of patients is a global cancer issue. We aimed to identify the risk factors for early death in stage IV breast cancer. Predictive nomograms for early death evaluation were generated based on the risk factors.

Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells of Human Olfactory Mucosa for the Treatment of Chronic Spinal Cord Injuries.

We studied the efficiency of transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells from human olfactory mucosa in chronic spinal cord injury. Neural stem/progenitor cells were obtained by a protocol modified by us and transplanted to rats with spinal post-traumatic cysts. It was shown that transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells from human olfactory lining improved motor activity of hind limbs in the recipient rat with spinal post-traumatic cysts (according to BBB scale).

On the Critical Issues in Temozolomide Research in Glioblastoma: Clinically Relevant Concentrations and MGMT-independent Resistance.

The current standard first-line treatment for adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes concurrent radiotherapy and daily oral temozolomide (TMZ), followed by adjuvant TMZ. As a prodrug, TMZ undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis generating a methylating agent. O-methylguanine is considered the most preponderant toxic damage mechanism at therapeutically relevant TMZ doses, whereas , which encodes the O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase DNA repair enzyme, is the most relevant resistance mechanism.

Analysis of the Effect of IL-1β on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in M6 Glioma Mouse Model Using Intravital Microscopy.

We studied the effect of IL-1β on the permeability of brain capillaries in healthy mice. Intravital microscopy demonstrated that parenteral administration of IL-1β was followed by an increase in vascular permeability ensuring passage of free Alexa488 fluorescent label through the capillary walls, but not sufficient for penetration of liposomes. In addition, experiments on mice with intracranial M6 glioma showed penetration of liposomes through the walls of tumor capillaries after parenteral administration of IL-1β in a concentration of 2 μg/ml.

Female sex is associated with a lower risk of bone metastases and favourable prognosis in non-sex-specific cancers.

Background: The objectives were to investigate the disparity in the prevalence of bone metastases (BM) between the sexes and to assess the effect of female sex on the development and prognosis of BM.

Methods: Cases of invasive non-sex-specific cancers diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were used. The prevalence of BM was calculated by combining the prevalence of BM among different cancers.

Comparison of the Efficiency of Transplantation of Rat and Human Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Posttraumatic Cysts of the Spinal Cord.

Olfactory ensheathing cells showed significant effects on the regeneration of the spinal cord in experimental models and in clinical trials. However, the use of these cells in the therapy of posttraumatic cysts of the spinal cord has not been studied. Cultures of human and rat olfactory mucosa were obtained according to the protocols developed by us.

Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Anxiety in Linear and Non-Linear Rats with Depressive-Like Disorders Induced by Ultrasound Stimulation.

We performed a comparative study of the effect of electroconvulsive therapy on anxiety in outbred rats and Sprague-Dawley rats with depressive-like disorder induced by exposure to ultrasound of variable frequency (20-45 Hz). The anxiogenic effect of therapy was revealed in elevated plus maze and open-field tests in both linear and non-lineal rats, but was more pronounced in linear animals. Differences between outbred rats and Sprague-Dawley rats by the anxiety level were demonstrated.

The Comparison of a New Ultrasound-Induced Depression Model to the Chronic Mild Stress Paradigm.

Willner's "chronic mild stress" (CMS) model is a globally recognized and most commonly used depression model. A depression model induced by ultrasonic exposure of variable frequencies has been created in our laboratory. This article compares two models of the depressive-like state according to three validity criteria.

Efficiency of Human Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation into Spinal Cysts to Improve Mobility of the Hind Limbs.

The pathological processes developing after spinal cord injuries often lead to formation of cysts. Existing surgical and medical methods are insufficient for treatment of post-traumatic spinal cord cysts. One of the emerging tools is cell therapy.

Active immunization against serum alcohol dehydrogenase normalizes brain dopamine metabolism disturbed during chronic alcohol consumption.

Chronic ethanol consumption in high doses is associated with constitutively elevated activity of the serum alcohol dehydrogenase I (ADH I) isoform, which demonstrates a high affinity not only for ethanol but also for a number of bioamine metabolites. Such excessive ADH activity is probably associated with disruptions in the metabolism of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) and subsequent long-term changes in the activity of their receptors. Ultimately, a stable depressive-like condition contributes to the development of patients' craving for ethanol intake, frequent disruptions during therapy, and low efficacy of treatment.

Oncolytic Activity of the Vaccine Strain of Type 3 Poliovirus on the Model of Rat Glioma C6 Cells.

Rat glioma cell line C6 expressing human poliovirus receptor (PVR) and susceptible to polioviruses (C6-PVR-BFP) was used to produce a clone with knockout of IFNα/β (Ifnar1) receptor subunit 1 gene (Ifnar1). The sensitivity of C6-PVR-BFP cells to the vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3 (PV3) depended on the signaling pathways of the cell response to type 1 IFN. Using the model of subcutaneous tumor xenografts, we demonstrated oncolytic activity of PV3 against C6-PVR-BFP cells that depended on the expression of PVR and increased considerably upon disturbances in IFN response pathways.

Recent Advances in Oncolytic Virotherapy and Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma: A Glimmer of Hope in the Search for an Effective Therapy?

To date, no targeted drugs, antibodies or combinations of chemotherapeutics have been demonstrated to be more efficient than temozolomide, or to increase efficacy of standard therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, temozolomide, steroid dexamethasone). According to recent phase III trials, standard therapy may ensure a median overall survival of up to 18⁻20 months for adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. These data explain a failure of positive non-controlled phase II trials to predict positive phase III trials and should result in revision of the landmark Stupp trial as a historical control for median overall survival in non-controlled trials.