Immunologic aspects of asthma: from molecular mechanisms to disease pathophysiology and clinical translation.

In the present review, we focused on recent translational and clinical discoveries in asthma immunology, facilitating phenotyping and stratified or personalized interventions for patients with this condition. The immune processes behind chronic inflammation in asthma exhibit marked heterogeneity, with diverse phenotypes defining discernible features and endotypes illuminating the underlying molecular mechanisms. In particular, two primary endotypes of asthma have been identified: "type 2-high," characterized by increased eosinophil levels in the airways and sputum of patients, and "type 2-low," distinguished by increased neutrophils or a pauci-granulocytic profile.

iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Different Expressed Proteins and Signal Pathways in Bakuchiol-Induced Hepatotoxicity.

Bakuchiol (BAK) is an abundant natural compound. BAK has been reported to have several biological activities such as anticancer, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and prevention of bone loss. However, it causes hepatotoxicity, the mechanism of which is not known.