Uncertainties around net-zero climate targets have major impact on greenhouse gas emissions projections.

Globally, more than 100 countries have adopted net-zero targets. Most studies agree on how this increases the chance of keeping end-of-century global warming below 2°C. However, they typically make assumptions about net-zero targets that do not capture uncertainties related to gas coverage, sector coverage, sinks, and removals.

Making the Case for an International Childhood Cancer Data Partnership.

Childhood cancers are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases, accounting for less than 2% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide. Most countries, therefore, do not have enough cases to provide robust information on epidemiology, treatment, and late effects, especially for rarer types of cancer. Thus, only through a concerted effort to share data internationally will we be able to answer research questions that could not otherwise be answered.

Evaluation of an interprofessional education program involving medical and pharmacy students: a mixed-method study.

Background: Effective pharmacotherapy requires strong collaboration between physicians and pharmacists, highlighting the need for interprofessional education (IPE) in university curricula. This study evaluated the impact of an IPE program on medical and pharmacy students, focusing on their perceived development of interprofessional collaborative competencies, perceived learning outcomes, and clinical collaboration perceptions.

Methods: A mixed-method approach was employed to evaluate an IPE program that consisted of three mandatory activities with increased complexity and autonomy, that were integrated into the medical and pharmacy students' curricula.

Accurate evaluation of factor VIII activity of efanesoctocog alfa in the presence of emicizumab.

Background: Efanesoctocog is a B-domain-deleted, Fc-fusion FVIII linked to the D'D3 domain of VWF and two XTEN polypeptides, designed for an ultra-extended half-life for prophylaxis in hemophilia A, but also aiding in managing acute bleeding or surgery in patients on long-term emicizumab. However, no current laboratory method accurately measures FVIII levels in the presence of emicizumab. We hypothesized that the chromogenic (CSA) FVIII assay, specifically calibrated for efanesoctocog using bovine coagulation factors, could provide an accurate assessment of efanesoctocog activity.

Students' perspective on the Dutch National Pharmacotherapy Assessment, a national survey study among final-year medical students.

Introduction: The Dutch National Pharmacotherapy Assessment (DNPA) was introduced in 2013 to improve clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education. This study investigated final-year medical students' perceived motivation and level of preparation for the DNPA in different scenarios: mandatory vs. non-mandatory, and traditional high-stakes assessment programme vs.

The impact of summative, formative or programmatic assessment on the Dutch National Pharmacotherapy Assessment: a retrospective multicentre study.

Background: The Dutch National Pharmacotherapy Assessment (DNPA), which focuses on assessing medication safety and essential drug knowledge, was introduced to improve clinical pharmacology and therapeutics education in the Netherlands. This study investigated how the performance of final-year medical students on the DPNA was affected by the assessment programme (traditional with summative or formative assessment, and programmatic assessment).

Methods: This multicentre retrospective longitudinal observation study (2019-2023) involved final-year medical students from four medical schools in the Netherlands.

The 24-hour physical activities in adults with cerebral palsy and their adherence to the 24-hour movement guideline.

Objective: To describe 24-hour physical activities (sleep and physical activity) in adults with cerebral palsy (CP), explore potential influencing factors and compare 24-hour physical activities with controls.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational internet study involving adults with CP and a convenience sample of adults without CP.

Setting: Individuals residing in the Netherlands Participants: 110 adults with CP (median age 42, range 28-77 years; 64 (58%) ambulant; 40% male) and 89 adult controls (median age 43, range 18-78 years; 29% male).

Individual patient and donor seroprofiles in convalescent plasma treatment of COVID-19 in REMAP-CAP clinical trial.

Objectives: Convalescent plasma (CP) treatment of COVID-19 has shown significant therapeutic effect only when administered early. We investigated the importance of patient and CP seroprofiles on treatment outcome in REMAP-CAP CP trial.

Methods: We evaluated neutralising antibodies (nAb), anti-spike (S) IgM, IgG, IgG avidity, IgG fucosylation and respiratory viral loads in a sub-set of patients (n=80) and controls (n=51) before and after transfusion, comparing them to those in the CP units (n=157) they received.

DNA-binding affinity and specificity determine the phenotypic diversity in BCL11B-related disorders.

BCL11B is a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger (C2H2-ZnF) domain-containing, DNA-binding, transcription factor with established roles in the development of various organs and tissues, primarily the immune and nervous systems. BCL11B germline variants have been associated with a variety of developmental syndromes. However, genotype-phenotype correlations along with pathophysiologic mechanisms of selected variants mostly remain elusive.

The effects of 6 months dietary counseling on diet quality and cardiovascular risk profile in patients with cardiovascular disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Background & Aims: A healthy diet improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, dietary counseling is not yet widely implemented in health care for patients with CVD. We assessed how dietary counseling by a dietitian, focused on improving diet quality, influenced the cardiovascular risk profile of patients with CVD.

A model-based approach to evaluate the effect of vaccination of the herd on transmission of equine herpesvirus 1 in naturally occurring outbreaks.

Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection is the cause of high impact disease syndromes, affecting the global horse industry. The effect of vaccination on transmission dynamics of EHV-1 in naturally occurring outbreaks is not quantified. Our aims were to estimate R for EHV-1 in equine populations from outbreak data, and evaluate the effect of vaccination status of the herd on R through a systematic review, model-based estimations and meta-analysis.

Pediatric Brain Tumors in Western Kenya: Patient Outcomes and Healthcare Providers' Perspectives.

Background: Pediatric brain tumors are understudied compared to other pediatric malignancies in low- and middle-income countries. Care delivery is inherently dependent on collaboration between multiple departments. This study aimed to present baseline data of pediatric neuro-oncology care in Western Kenya and illustrate barriers and facilitators of multidisciplinary care.

Novel genomic features in entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana ILB308: accessory genomic regions and putative virulence genes involved in the infection process of soybean pest Piezodorus guildinii.

Background: Biological control methods involving entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana have been shown to be a valuable approach in integrated pest management as an environmentally friendly alternative to control pests and pathogens. Identifying genetic determinants of pathogenicity in B. bassiana is instrumental for enhancing its virulence against insects like the resistant soybean pest Piezodorus guildinii.

Prognostic Value of Molecular Aberrations in Low- or Intermediate-Risk Neuroblastomas: A Systematic Review.

Background: The 5-year prognosis of non-high-risk neuroblastomas is generally good (>90%). However, a proportion of patients show progression and succumb to their disease. We aimed to identify molecular aberrations (not incorporated in the current risk stratification) associated with overall survival (OS) and/or event-free survival (EFS) in patients diagnosed with non-high-risk neuroblastoma.

Food Environments and Diet Quality Among Vendors and Consumers in Five Traditional Urban Markets in Kenya.

Background/objectives: Traditional food markets are essential in urban food environments in Kenya and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). They provide affordable fresh food, particularly for low-income urban communities, and are vital places of livelihoods and local economic activities. Despite their importance, associations between market-related factors and diet quality for vendors and consumers are underexplored.

Guava Leaf Extract Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity in Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) .

Currently, a global health crisis is being caused by microbial resistance, in which plays a crucial role, being considered the highest-priority microorganism by the World Health Organization (WHO) for discovering new antibiotics. As a result, phytochemicals have emerged as a potential alternative to combat resistant strains, since they can exert antimicrobial activity through various mechanisms and, at the same time, represent a more natural and safe option. This study analyzes the antimicrobial effects of guava leaf extract in ten clinical isolates of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) , using the agar diffusion technique and the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs).

Typing of feces-derived Candida albicans strains using a novel seven-locus microsatellite panel reveals associations with yeast phenotype in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory diseases of the human gastrointestinal tract are affected by the microbes that reside in the mucosal surfaces. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have altered bacterial and fungal intestinal compositions, including higher levels of fecal Candida yeasts. Ongoing research indicates that genetic and phenotypic diversity of Candida albicans may be linked with disease severity.

Cyclophosphamide is not associated with clinically relevant late pulmonary dysfunction in Dutch survivors of childhood cancer - the DCCSS-LATER 2 PULM sub-study.

Background: Treatment for childhood cancer may increase the risk of long-term pulmonary complications and dysfunction. Pulmonary surveillance is recommended after established pulmonary toxic exposures, including bleomycin, busulfan, carmustine (BCNU), lomustine (CCNU), radiotherapy to a field exposing the lungs, and pulmonary surgery. However, the role of cyclophosphamide as a pulmonary toxic agent is debated.

Hypoxia Inducible Factor-dependent upregulation of Agrp in glomus type I cells of the carotid body.

Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) is a well-established potent orexigenic peptide primarily expressed in hypothalamic neurons. Nevertheless, the expression and functional significance of extrahypothalamic AgRP remain poorly understood. In this study, utilizing histological and molecular biology techniques, we have identified a significant expression of Agrp mRNA and AgRP peptide production in glomus type I cells within the mouse carotid body (CB).

Increased Prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Cancer Survivors: A Retrospective Matched Cross-sectional Study with Coronary CT Angiography.

Background: Cancer and cancer treatment may accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease. With the improved prognosis of cancer survivors, cardiovascular events are increasing in this patient group. However, it is unknown whether the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis is increased in patients with a history of cancer.

GERMLINE PATHOGENIC VARIANTS IN PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA AND EXTRA-PANCREATIC MALIGNANCIES: A NATIONWIDE DATABASE ANALYSIS.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease. About 10% of affected individuals have an inherited component. Deleterious germline variants increase the lifetime risk for PDAC and are often associated with an elevated risk for extra-pancreatic malignancies.

From responsibility to responsibilization in stem cell research: An ethical framework.

Adopting a responsibilization approach can further improve the ethical conduct of stem cell (SC) research and applications. This approach helps align new and existing solutions for ethical implications by focusing on equipping SC researchers with the knowledge, skills, and organizational arrangements to take (co-)responsibility for the socio-ethical implications of their research.

Gut microbiome and immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity.

Background: Multiple studies have suggested that gut microbiome may influence immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy, but its association with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is less well studied. In this prospective cohort study, we assessed whether gut microbiome composition at start, or changes during ICI, are associated with severe irAEs.

Methods: Stool samples of cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 ± anti-CTLA-4 were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic shotgun sequencing.

Factors correlating work engagement among Palestinian emergency nurses during Gaza war in the West Bank.

Purpose: Work engagement among emergency nurses is a critical issue that adversely affects the quality of patient care and productivity. Psychological reactions (e.g.