Approaches for extracting daily dosage from free-text prescription signatures in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a comparative study.

Objective: To compare various methods for extracting daily dosage information from prescription signatures (sigs) and identify the best performers.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 5 daily dosage extraction methods were identified. Parsigs, RxSig, Sig2db, a large language model (LLM), and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) model were selected.

The role of empiric atypical antibiotic coverage in non-severe community-acquired pneumonia.

A β-lactam plus a macrolide or a respiratory fluoroquinolone alone is recommended as standard empiric antibacterial therapy for non-severe adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) per Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. However, the evidence in support of adding empiric atypical antibacterial therapy, and specifically the addition of a macrolide, is conflicting and should be balanced with additional factors: the necessity of covering atypical organisms, benefits of macrolide-associated immunomodulation, harms associated with antibiotic use, and selection for antibiotic-resistant organisms. In this review, we examine the role of atypical coverage in standard treatment regimens for patients admitted with non-severe CAP and specifically focus on the addition of macrolides to β-lactams.

Nicotine and cannabis vaping among early high school adolescents: Disparities of use across sociodemographic characteristics and associations with psychosocial factors.

This study examines whether adolescent nicotine and cannabis vaping types (i.e., nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual use) differ across sociodemographic and school characteristics (e.

Characteristics and healthcare utilization among aging veterans in supported housing: A comparison with independently housed age-matched veterans.

Background And Objectives: There is a large and growing population of older, formerly homeless adults living in permanent supportive housing, and there are concerns about how to address their healthcare needs. This study compared veterans aged 55 years and older residing in the Department of Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) program to an age-matched group of independently housed veterans receiving care through the U.S.

Impact of circulating lymphoma cells at diagnosis on outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma rarely presents with circulating lymphoma cells (CL) at diagnosis. Previous studies were limited by small sample size precluding robust analysis. Hence, we evaluated the prognostic relevance of CL cells in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients.

Non-small cell lung cancer in ever-smokers vs never-smokers.

Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises 85% of cases with rising incidence among never-smokers (NS). This study seeks to compare clinical, imaging, pathology, and outcomes between NS and ever-smokers (S) NSCLC patients to identify significant differences if any.

Past 30-Day Cannabis Use by Perception of Risk and Age Group: Implications for Prevention.

Purpose: The use of cannabis is an important public health concern in the United States. The connection between perceived risk and cannabis use has been documented in the substance use literature for youth and adults.

Design: Examine how past 30-day cannabis use is influenced by the interaction between perceived risk and age.

Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: the molecular landscape, therapeutic challenges, and diagnosis and management strategies.

Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms are a group of diverse, heterogeneous tumours that range from well-differentiated, low-grade neuroendocrine tumours-such as typical and atypical carcinoids-to high-grade, poorly differentiated aggressive malignancies, such as large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). While the incidence of SCLC has decreased, the worldwide incidence of other pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms has been increasing over the past decades. In addition to the standard histopathological classification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms, the introduction of molecular and sequencing techniques has led to new advances in understanding the biology of these diseases and might influence future classifications and staging that can subsequently improve management guidelines in the adjuvant or metastatic settings.

Consensus review and considerations on TMS to treat depression: A comprehensive update endorsed by the National Network of Depression Centers, the Clinical TMS Society, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

This article updates the prior 2018 consensus statement by the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC) on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of depression, incorporating recent research and clinical developments. Publications on TMS and depression between September 2016 and April 2024 were identified using methods informed by PRISMA guidelines. The NNDC Neuromodulation Work Group met monthly between October 2022 and April 2024 to define important clinical topics and review pertinent literature.

SLC7A5 is required for cancer cell growth under arginine-limited conditions.

Tumor cells must optimize metabolite acquisition between synthesis and uptake from a microenvironment characterized by hypoxia, lactate accumulation, and depletion of many amino acids, including arginine. We performed a metabolism-focused functional screen using CRISPR-Cas9 to identify pathways and factors that enable tumor growth in an arginine-depleted environment. Our screen identified the SLC-family transporter SLC7A5 as required for growth, and we hypothesized that this protein functions as a high-affinity citrulline transporter.

Amniotic Fluid as a Potential Treatment for Vocal Fold Scar in a Rabbit Model.

Objectives/hypothesis: Vocal fold (VF) injury and chronic inflammation can progress to scarring, which is notoriously difficult to treat. Human amniotic fluid (AF) has potential for VF wound healing in a rabbit model, and we hypothesized that AF would demonstrate wound healing properties superior to hyaluronic acid (HA) over time.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled trial.

Revision Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Worse Than a Primary, But Better Than a Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Revision of a unicompartmental to a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often compared to primary TKA with regard to its technical difficulty and complication rates. We sought to compare medical and surgical complications following revision unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to those following primary TKA and aseptic revision TKA.

Methods: A national administrative claims database was queried for patients undergoing revision UKA between 2010 and 2019.

Molecular basis of proton sensing by G protein-coupled receptors.

Three proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68-respond to extracellular pH to regulate diverse physiology. How protons activate these receptors is poorly understood. We determined cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of each receptor to understand the spatial arrangement of proton-sensing residues.

The Effect of Shoe Insole Stiffness Modifications on Walking Performance in Older Adults: A Feasibility Study.

Shoes or insoles embedded with carbon fiber materials to increase longitudinal stiffness have been shown to enhance running and walking performance in elite runners, and younger adults, respectively. It is unclear, however, if such stiffness modifications can translate to enhanced mobility in older adults who typically walk with greater metabolic cost of transport compared to younger adults. Here, we sought to test whether adding footwear stiffness via carbon fiber insoles could improve walking outcomes (eg, distance traveled and metabolic cost of transport) in older adults during the 6-minute walk test.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of deep brain stimulation versus treatment as usual for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective neurosurgical option for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite being more costly than neuroablative procedures of comparable efficacy, DBS has gained popularity over the years for its reversibility and adjustability. Although the cost-effectiveness of DBS has been investigated extensively in movement disorders, few economic analyses of DBS for psychiatric disorders exist.

The Pelvic Floor Disorders Network: Evolution Over Two Decades of Female Pelvic Floor Research.

Importance: This review aimed to describe research initiatives, evolution, and processes of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-supported Pelvic Floor Disorders Network (PFDN). This may be of interest and inform researchers wishing to conduct multisite coordinated research initiatives as well as to provide perspective to all urogynecologists regarding how the PFDN has evolved and functions.

Study Design: Principal investigators of several PFDN clinical sites and Data Coordinating Center describe more than 20 years of development and maturation of the PFDN.

The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guideline on Indications for Continuous Electroencephalography Monitoring in Neonates.

Purpose: Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring is increasingly used in the management of neonates with seizures. There remains debate on what clinically relevant information can be gained from cEEG in neonates with suspected seizures, at high risk for seizures, or with definite seizures, as well as the use of cEEG for prognosis in a variety of conditions. In this guideline, we address these questions using American Clinical Neurophysiology Society structured methodology for clinical guideline development.