Updated appropriate use criteria for amyloid and tau PET: A report from the Alzheimer's Association and Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Workgroup.

Introduction: The Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to update appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET.

Methods: The workgroup identified key research questions that guided a systematic literature review on clinical amyloid/tau PET. Building on this review, the workgroup developed 17 clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be considered.

Misreading Medicine: Statutory Prohibitions of Abortion for Disability.

Abortion prohibitions in some states include carve-outs based on the medical condition of either the mother or the fetus. These carve-outs, however, may be couched in limiting language structured by legislators rather than in language understandable in the context of medical care. In circumstances where legislative bodies fail to adequately incorporate medical professionals in the drafting of medical laws, the resulting vagueness or ambiguity may lead to a lack of utility or viability.

Value driven outcome (VDO) assessment for the treatment of olecranon fractures.

Purpose: Controversy remains about the ideal construct for certain olecranon fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare cost-effectiveness with the value driven outcomes tool between fixation strategies of olecranon fractures.

Methods: All surgically treated isolated proximal ulna fractures (CPT code 24,685) at a level 1 trauma center from 2013 to 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

Identification and validation of two quantitative trait loci for dwarf bunt in the resistant cultivar 'UI Silver'.

Two dwarf bunt resistance QTLs were mapped to chromosome 6D, and KASP markers associated with the loci were developed and validated in a panel of regionally adapted winter wheats. UI Silver is an invaluable adapted resistant cultivar possessing the two identified QTL potentially associated with genes Bt9 and Bt10 and will be useful in future cultivar development to improve dwarf bunt resistance. Dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia controversa, is a fungal disease of wheat that can cause complete loss of grain yield and quality during epidemics.

Galaxy as a gateway to bioinformatics: Multi-Interface Galaxy Hands-on Training Suite (MIGHTS) for scRNA-seq.

Background: Bioinformatics is fundamental to biomedical sciences, but its mastery presents a steep learning curve for bench biologists and clinicians. Learning to code while analyzing data is difficult. The curve may be flattened by separating these two aspects and providing intermediate steps for budding bioinformaticians.

Key virulence factors responsible for differences in pathogenicity between clinically proven live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine SA14-14-2 and its pre-attenuated highly virulent parent SA14.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a neuroinvasive and neurovirulent orthoflavivirus, can be prevented in humans with the SA14-14-2 vaccine, a live-attenuated version derived from the wild-type SA14 strain. To determine the viral factors responsible for the differences in pathogenicity between SA14 and SA14-14-2, we initially established a reverse genetics system that includes a pair of full-length infectious cDNAs for both strains. Using this cDNA pair, we then systematically exchanged genomic regions between SA14 and SA14-14-2 to generate 20 chimeric viruses and evaluated their replication capability in cell culture and their pathogenic potential in mice.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in Pediatric Acute Asthma Exacerbations.

Pediatric asthma exacerbations represent a significant cause of emergency department use and hospitalizations. Despite available treatment options, many children's exacerbations are refractory to standard therapies and require adjunct treatments. The Intravenous Magnesium: Prompt use for Asthma in Children Treated in the Emergency Department study investigated the pharmacology of intravenous magnesium sulfate (IVMg) in treating pediatric asthma exacerbations.

The continuing search for a better mouse trap: Two tests of a practical, low-cost camera trap for detecting and observing small mammals.

The advent of digital wildlife cameras has led to a dramatic increase in the use of camera traps for mammalian biodiversity surveys, ecological studies and occupancy analyses. For cryptic mammals such as mice and shrews, whose small sizes pose many challenges for unconstrained digital photography, use of camera traps remains relatively infrequent. Here we use a practical, low-cost small mammal camera platform (the "MouseCam") that is easy and inexpensive to fabricate and deploy and requires little maintenance beyond camera service.

Aspirin and Hemocompatibility After LVAD Implantation in Patients With Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: A Secondary Analysis From the ARIES-HM3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The Aspirin and Hemocompatibility Events With a Left Ventricular Assist Device in Advanced Heart Failure (ARIES-HM3) study demonstrated that aspirin may be safely eliminated from the antithrombotic regimen after HeartMate 3 (HM3 [Abbott Cardiovascular]) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. This prespecified analysis explored whether conditions requiring aspirin (prior percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG], stroke, or peripheral vascular disease [PVD]) would influence outcomes differentially with aspirin avoidance.

Objective: To analyze aspirin avoidance on hemocompatibility-related adverse events (HRAEs) at 1 year after implant in patients with a history of CABG, PCI, stroke, or PVD.

Identifying and treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among at-risk Veterans.

Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), an increasing public health concern, remains challenging to diagnose and risk-stratify. We assessed the 1) prevalence of MASLD risk factors among Veterans in Veterans Health Administration (VA) care, 2) factors associated with MASLD diagnosis; and 3) associations between MASLD diagnosis and receipt of care.

Methods: Veterans with MASLD risk factors, including obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, were identified using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes and followed in 2019-2022.

Interstep Variations of Stairways and Associations of High-Contrast Striping and Fall-Related Events: Observational Study.

Background: Interstep variations in step riser height and tread depth within a stairway could negatively impact safe stair negotiation by decreasing step riser height predictability and, consequently, increasing stair users' fall risk. Unfortunately, interstep variations in riser height and depth are common, particularly in older stairways, but its impact may be lessened by highlighting steps' edges using a high-contrast stripe on the top front edge of each step.

Objective: This study aimed to determine (1) if fall-related events are associated with greater interstep riser height and depth variations and (2) if such fall-related events are reduced in the presence of contrast-enhanced step edges compared with a control stairway.

Observer-rated environmental sensitivity and its characterization at behavioral, genetic, and physiological levels.

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Highly Sensitive Child-Rating System (HSC-RS), the existence of sensitivity groups, and the characterization of sensitivity at behavioral, genetic, and physiological levels in 541 preschoolers (() = 3.56(0.27); 45%male; 87%Caucasian).

Acute and Longitudinal Effects of Concussion on Reactive Balance in Collegiate Athletes.

Background: Postural instability is a common observation after concussions, with balance assessments playing a crucial role in clinical evaluations. Widely used post-concussion balance tests focus primarily on static and dynamic balance, excluding the critical aspect of reactive balance.

Objectives: This study investigated the acute and longitudinal effects of concussion on reactive balance in collegiate athletes.

Lung cancer mortality among aircraft manufacturing workers with long-term, low-level, hexavalent chromium exposure.

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) is known to cause lung cancer among workers exposed to high concentrations in certain historical industries. It is also a toxic air contaminant considered to pose a potentially significant cancer risk at comparatively low concentrations in urban air. However, very limited data currently exist to quantify risk at low-concentration occupational or environmental exposures.

An Explanatory Mixed-methods Study of "ICU net benefit": Triage and Trajectory for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Failure.

Rationale: Patients with sepsis and/or acute respiratory failure are at high risk for death or long hospital stays, yet limited evidence exists to guide triage to intensive care units (ICUs) or general medical wards for the majority of these patients who do not initially require life support.

Objectives: To identify factors that influence how hospitals triage patients with capacity-sensitive conditions and those factors that may account for observed ICU relative to ward, or ward relative to ICU, benefits for such patients.

Methods: We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study.

Timing of Resistance Exercise and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Adults with Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis.

The objective of this study was to explore if the time of day (AM vs PM) resistance exercise is performed influences glucose and insulin concentrations, body composition, and muscular strength in adults with prediabetes. A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the "Resist Diabetes" study, a phase II exercise intervention. Participants (Age:59.

The Effect of Contralateral Routing of Signal Devices on the Quality of Life of Unilateral Cochlear Implant Recipients and Their Frequent Communication Partners.

Purpose: Unilateral cochlear implant (CI) recipients with limited hearing in the contralateral ear are deprived of the advantages of binaural hearing. To address speech recognition challenges arising from the head shadow effect, a contralateral routing of signal (CROS) device can be used; however, less is known of the broader impact of a CROS device on an individual's quality of life (QoL) or that of their frequent communication partners (FCPs). This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the impact of CROS on speech recognition in noise and its influence on the QoL of unilateral CI recipients and their FCPs.

Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy in Cold and Dry Patients.

Background: Patients with end-stage heart failure and low pulmonary capillary wedge pressure are referred to as cold and dry and represent an understudied minority in whom the benefit of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is unclear.

Methods: Adults receiving LVADs between 2006 and 2017 in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support database were classified as cold and wet (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure >15 mm Hg) and cold and dry (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ≤15 mm Hg) based on pre-LVAD hemodynamics obtained via right heart catheterization. The primary outcome was 1-year survival.

Cognitive Predictors of Perception and Adaption to Dysarthric Speech in Older Adults.

Purpose: In effortful listening conditions, speech perception and adaptation abilities are constrained by aging and often linked to age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline. Given that older adults are frequent communication partners of individuals with dysarthria, the current study examines cognitive-linguistic and hearing predictors of dysarthric speech perception and adaptation in older listeners.

Method: Fifty-eight older adult listeners (aged 55-80 years) completed a battery of hearing and cognitive tasks administered via the National Institutes of Health Toolbox.

Ability of the Spectroscopic Properties of the P═Se Bond of a Base to Assess Noncovalent Bond Strength.

The viability of the P═Se bond to serve as a monitor of the strength of a noncovalent bond was tested in the context of the (CH)PSe molecule. Density functional theory (DFT) computations paired this base with a collection of Lewis acids that spanned hydrogen, halogen, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonding interactions and covered a wide range of bond strengths. A very strong linear correlation was observed between the interaction energy and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) J(PSe) coupling constant, which could serve as an accurate indicator of bond strength.

Contrasting Summertime Trends in Vehicle Combustion Efficiency in Los Angeles, CA and Salt Lake City, UT.

Policy interventions and technological advances are mitigating emissions of air pollutants from motor vehicles. As a result, vehicle fleets are expected to progressively combust fuel more efficiently, with a declining ratio of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide (CO/CO) in their emissions. We assess trends in traffic combustion efficiency in Los Angeles (LA) and Salt Lake City (SLC) by measuring changes in summertime on-road CO/CO between 2013 and 2021 using mobile observations.

Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectored Vaccine Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus and Heartland Bandavirus.

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a recently emerged tickborne virus in east Asia with over 18,000 confirmed cases. With a high case fatality ratio, SFTSV has been designated a high priority pathogen by the WHO and the NIAID. Despite this, there are currently no approved therapies or vaccines to treat or prevent SFTS.