AI-based analysis of fetal growth restriction in a prospective obstetric cohort quantifies compound risks for perinatal morbidity and mortality and identifies previously unrecognized high risk clinical scenarios.

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading risk factor for stillbirth, yet the diagnosis of FGR confers considerable prognostic uncertainty, as most infants with FGR do not experience any morbidity. Our objective was to use data from a large, deeply phenotyped observational obstetric cohort to develop a probabilistic graphical model (PGM), a type of "explainable artificial intelligence (AI)", as a potential framework to better understand how interrelated variables contribute to perinatal morbidity risk in FGR.

Methods: Using data from 9,558 pregnancies delivered at ≥ 20 weeks with available outcome data, we derived and validated a PGM using randomly selected sub-cohorts of 80% (n = 7645) and 20% (n = 1,912), respectively, to discriminate cases of FGR resulting in composite perinatal morbidity from those that did not.

Developing and integrating a destination decision support algorithm into an innovative electronic communication platform to improve injury care service coordination in Rwanda: The Rwanda912 study protocol.

Introduction: Delays in getting injured patients to hospital in a timely manner can increase avoidable death and disability. Like many low- or middle-income countries (LMICs), Rwanda experiences delays related to lack of efficient prehospital communication and formal guidelines to triage patients for hospital care. This paper describes the protocol to develop, roll out, and evaluate the effectiveness of a Destination Decision Support Algorithm (DDSA) integrated in an electronic communication platform, '912Rwanda'.

A precision oncology-focused deep learning framework for personalized selection of cancer therapy.

Precision oncology matches tumors to targeted therapies based on the presence of actionable molecular alterations. However, most tumors lack actionable alterations, restricting treatment options to cytotoxic chemotherapies for which few data-driven prioritization strategies currently exist. Here, we report an integrated computational/experimental treatment selection approach applicable for both chemotherapies and targeted agents irrespective of actionable alterations.

The Rodent Electronic Nicotine Delivery System: Description and Validation of an Apparatus for Nose-Only E-Cigarette Aerosol Inhalation in Freely Moving Rats.

Tobacco use is the leading cause of death globally and in the U.S. After decades of decline, driven by decreases in combusted tobacco use, nicotine product use has increased due to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), also known as e-cigarettes or vapes.

Pathway Polygenic Risk Scores (pPRS) for the Analysis of Gene-environment Interaction.

A polygenic risk score (PRS) is used to quantify the combined disease risk of many genetic variants. For complex human traits there is interest in determining whether the PRS modifies, i.e.

Epidemiology of Infections in the Households of Cholera Patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: PICHA7 Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The aim of this prospective cohort study is to build evidence on transmission dynamics and risk factors for infections in cholera patient households.

Methods: Household contacts of cholera patients were observed for 1-month after the index cholera patient was admitted to a health facility for stool, serum, and water collection in urban Bukavu in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A infection was defined as a bacterial culture positive result during the 1-month surveillance period and/or a four-fold rise in a O1 serological antibody from baseline to the 1-month follow-up.

Parenting Concerns, Psychological Distress, and Relationship Adjustment Among Patients With Cancer and Their Partners: A Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Studies have found that cancer patients with dependent children exhibit high symptoms of anxiety, depression, and worry. Patients' parenting concerns can negatively impact their own and their family's adjustment to the cancer experience. However, relatively little is known about parenting concerns of partners of cancer patients, or associations between parenting concerns and couples' relationship adjustment.

Macrophage immunometabolism: emerging targets for regrowth in aging muscle.

The recovery from muscle atrophy is impaired with aging as characterized by improper muscle remodeling and sustained functional deficits. Age-related deficits in muscle regrowth are tightly linked with the loss of early pro-inflammatory macrophage responses and subsequent cellular dysregulation within the skeletal muscle niche. Macrophage inflammatory phenotype is regulated at the metabolic level, highlighting immunometabolism as an emerging strategy to enhance macrophage responses and restore functional muscle regrowth.

Implementing and evaluating the comprehensive integration of physical activity into a major health system: study design and protocol.

Introduction: The healthcare sector has great potential for promoting physical activity (PA) for chronic disease prevention, treatment and management; however, multiple adoption and implementation barriers exist, ranging from practice integration to information flow. In 2016, Exercise is Medicine Greenville (EIMG), a comprehensive clinic-to-community approach that involves PA assessment, recommendation and/or prescription and provider-based referral of patients to community-based PA programmes, was launched by Prisma Health in Greenville, South Carolina, USA. Since inception, variability has emerged in adoption and implementation, impacting patient reach, referral rates and engagement in the community-based PA programmes, highlighting the need for closer evaluation and refinement of strategies to maximise programme impact.

Ultrasound as a predictor of time-loss injury for the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in division I collegiate athletes.

Objectives: Tendinopathy and fasciopathy are common conditions that can result in time-loss injury in athletes. This study aimed to determine if preseason sonographic abnormalities of the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia are associated with future time-loss injuries in collegiate athletes.

Methods: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes from three institutions participated in this 3-year prospective, observational study.

Reconstruction Kernel Optimization for Ultra-High-Resolution Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography of the Lung.

Background: The latest generation of computed tomography (CT) systems based on photon-counting detector promises significant improvements in several clinical applications, including chest imaging.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the image quality of ultra-high-resolution (UHR) photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) of the lung using four sharp reconstruction kernels.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 25 patients (11 women and 14 men; median age, 71 years) who underwent unenhanced chest CT from April to May 2023.

Emergency care knowledge, utilization, and barriers in Northern Tanzania: A community-based survey.

Background: Emergency care systems are critical to improving care for time-sensitive emergency conditions. The growth and development of these systems in Sub-Saharan Africa is becoming a priority. Layperson knowledge and recognition of emergency symptoms and subsequent care-seeking behavior are key to achieving timely access to care and appropriate treatment.

Virtual Reality Training to Reduce Workplace Violence in Healthcare.

Violence against nurses and other healthcare workers is a significant and escalating concern, impeding the provision of safe and effective healthcare services. A majority of nurses experience some kind of violence, including physical and nonphysical assaults during their careers. The consequences of workplace violence extend beyond individual trauma, leading to increased burnout, turnover, and significant financial costs for healthcare systems.

Discrimination, Violence, Mental Health, and Substance Use by Age and Cancer History Among LGBTQ+ Individuals.

Young adult (YA) LGBTQ+ cancer survivors face inequities and unmet needs that impact their well-being. However, the impact of age and cancer among LGBTQ+ individuals have not been adequately assessed. The North Carolina LGBTQ+ Health Needs Assessment survey, conducted at local Pride events, aimed to collect data to describe the well-being of LGBTQ+ people in NC.

Inappropriate antithrombotic use in geriatric patients with complicated traumatic brain injury.

Background: Preinjury antithrombotic (AT) use is associated with worse outcomes for geriatric (65 years or older) patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have found that use of AT outside established guidelines is widespread in TBI patients.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective cross-sectional study, we examined inappropriate AT use among geriatric patients presenting with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Gut microbes metabolize strawberry phytochemicals and mediate their beneficial effects on vascular inflammation.

Evidence suggests that a healthy gut microbiome is essential for metabolizing dietary phytochemicals. However, the microbiome's role in metabolite production and the influence of gut dysbiosis on this process remain unclear. Further, studies on the relationship among gut microbes, metabolites, and biological activities of phytochemicals are limited.

Healthcare resource utilization and costs after initiating direct-acting oral anticoagulants or low molecular weight heparins in patients with venous thromboembolism.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) can lead to significant healthcare resource utilization (HcRU) and costs. First-line treatments such as direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are utilized for VTE management. There are limited observational studies to determine which first-line drug for VTE is associated with lower HcRU and cost.