Diagnosis and management of complicated urogenital schistosomiasis: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for the diagnosis or management of the complications of urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS). This systematic review of the literature aims to investigate the state of the art in reference to diagnostic approaches and the clinical management of this condition.

Methods: A systematic review of literature published between January 1990 and January 2021 was conducted in the MEDLINE database, scoping for articles regarding diagnostic means or therapeutic options for the complications of UGS, namely obstructive uropathy, bladder cancer, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, kidney failure, urolithiasis and the need for invasive procedures.

Evidence of autochthonous transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in Almeria (southeast Spain): An outbreak analysis.

Background: Schistosomiasis is endemic in 78 countries belonging to tropical and subtropical areas. However, autochthonous transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis was reported in Corsica (France) in 2013. We present evidence of autochthonous transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis in Almería (Spain) in 2003.

Severe complications of imported schistosomiasis, Spain: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Chronic schistosomiasis silently leads to severe organ-specific disorders, such as hydroureter, bladder cancer or portal hypertension in around 10% of infected people in endemic zones. However, in non-endemic areas, information on schistosomiasis' severe complications and their actual prevalence is scarce because diagnosis is usually reached when such complications are well established.

Methods: Retrospective observational study of data obtained from a screening protocol designed for sub-Saharan migrants including search for stool parasites and schistosoma serology.

Palliative analgesia with topical sevoflurane in cancer-related skin ulcers: a case report.

A Caucasian 39-year-old male patient with a poorly-differentiated infiltrating epidermoid penile carcinoma with urethral invasion was diagnosed. The patient received concomitant adjuvant chemotherapy with radiotherapy in the palliative setting, which produced painful ulceration of tumour lesions at loco-regional level (Numerical Rate Scale, NRS=9). The patient consented for treatment with direct topical sevoflurane instillations, at initial doses of 1 mL/cm of ulcerated area, as per unit protocol.

The Effect of Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Post-Operative Infection in Patients Undergone Flexible Cystos-copy.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis is required in this outpatient procedure.

Materials And Methods: A non-randomised, prospective observational study that included 184 patients subjected to flexible cystoscopy divided into three groups: - Group 1:60 patients with prophylaxis of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin;- Group 2:62 patients with prophylaxis of 3 g of phosphomycin; and Group 3:62 without antibiotic prophylaxis. Prior to inclusion in the study, absence of infection was checked by means of a urine culture obtained 7 days before the procedure.

Urine Calcium and Bone Mineral Density in Calcium Stone-Forming Patients Treated with Alendronate and Hydrochlorothiazide.

Introduction: The objective was to evaluate the effect of hydrochlorothiazide and alendronate on urine calcium and bone mineral density in calcium stone-forming patients.

Material And Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, non-observational comparative study was performed; this study included 111 patients with recurrent calcium stones, divided into 3 groups according to the treatment received. Group 1: 36 patients were treated with alendronate, 70 mg/week; Group 2: 34 patients were treated with alendronate, 70 mg/week + hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg/day; Group 3: 41 patients were treated with hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg/day.

Use of Lidocaine 2% Gel Does Not Reduce Pain during Flexible Cystoscopy and Is Not Cost-Effective.

Purpose: To compare the use of lubricant gel with lidocaine versus lubricant gel without anesthetic in flexible cystoscopy in terms of pain and tolerability.

Materials And Methods: In this observational non-randomized study, 72 patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 38 patients in whom lidocaine gel 2% was used and group 2 included 34 patients in whom lubricant gel without anesthetic was administered.