Racial disparities in prostate cancer in the UK and the USA: similarities, differences and steps forwards.

In the USA, Black men are approximately twice as likely to be diagnosed with and to die of prostate cancer than white men. In the UK, despite Black men having vastly different ancestral contexts and health-care systems from Black men in the USA, the lifetime risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer is two-to-three times higher among Black British men than among white British men and Black British men are twice as likely to die of prostate cancer as white British men. Examination of racial disparities in prostate cancer in the USA and UK highlights systemic, socio-economic and sociocultural factors that might contribute to these differences.

Perioperative Antibiotic Choice and Postoperative Infectious Complications in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine how rates of postoperative infectious complications after pelvic organ prolapse surgery differ based on perioperative antibiotic administered. In particular, we sought to determine whether anaerobic coverage is associated with reduced rates of infectious complications.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Does every transgender person want gender affirming surgery? A survey of transgender individuals in the Midwestern United States.

Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is a highly personalized decision for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals. However, the proportion of TGD individuals who desire GAS is unknown. A questionnaire was created after identifying themes surrounding experiences with gender-affirming medical care by community focus groups.

A Prospective Study of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19), leading to higher morbidity and mortality. There is little prospective data from India regarding the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of AKI in COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted prospectively in adult patients between September and December 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in the national capital region of Delhi.

Impact of Antibiotic Choice at the Time of Sacral Neuromodulation Implantation on Rates of Surgical Site Infection.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of specific antibiotic regimens in preventing infection following sacral neuromodulation.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Premier Healthcare Database. Patients who underwent sacral neuromodulation placement between January 2016 and March 2020.

Changing times: trends in risk classification, tumor upstaging, and positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy - results from a contemporary National Cancer Database study.

Purpose: Recent advancements in screening, prostate MRI, robotic surgery, and active surveillance have influenced the profile of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). We sought to examine their impact on trends in clinicodemographic, risk classification, and adverse pathology in men undergoing surgery.

Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database for clinicodemographic, risk group, and pathology data in men undergoing upfront RP between 2006 and 2020.

Factors Influencing Continued Usage of Intracavernosal injections for Erectile Dysfunction: A Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: Intracavernosal injections are used to treat erectile dysfunction. Patient compliance with intracavernosal injections is required for success, though factors influencing compliance are unknown. This study aimed to identify factors that influence compliance with intracavernosal injections among men with erectile dysfunction.

Evaluating 4Kscore's role in predicting progression on active surveillance for prostate cancer independently of clinical information and PIRADS score.

Background: 4Kscore is used to aid the decision for prostate biopsy, however its role in active surveillance (AS) has not been investigated in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based protocol. Our objective was to assess the association between 4Kscore and progression in men undergoing AS on a prospective MRI-based protocol.

Methods: This was a single-institution, single-arm, non-therapeutic, interventional trial of 166 men with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer enrolled between 2014-2020.

Survival Outcomes by Race Following Surgical Treatment for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

Objective: Discrepancies in survival outcomes of various genitourinary tract malignancies have been documented across different racial and ethnic groups. Here we sought to examine long-term survival outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) when stratified by race.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective analysis using the ROBUUST (ROBotic surgery for Upper tract Urothelial cancer Study) registry identified patients undergoing RNU for UTUC between 2015 and 2022 at 12 centers across the United States, Europe, and Asia.

Effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome-the FertIL trial.

Introduction: Chronic low-grade inflammation might contribute to hyperandrogenemia and metabolic complications in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 stimulates androgen production from ovarian cells, whereas blockade of the IL-1 pathway improves cardiometabolic health. We aimed to investigate whether blocking the IL-1 pathway ameliorates hyperandrogenemia in patients with PCOS.

Common Diagnostic Challenges in Genitourinary Mesenchymal Tumors: A Practical Approach.

Mesenchymal neoplasms within the genitourinary tract include a wide spectrum of tumors, ranging from benign to malignant, and tumors of uncertain malignant potential. Except for stromal tumors of the prostate, which originate from the specific prostatic stroma, these neoplasms generally resemble their counterparts in other body sites. The rarity of these neoplasms and the limitation associated with small biopsy samples present unique diagnostic challenges for pathologists.

Changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the General Social Survey.

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had widespread implications on various aspects of life; however, there is a paucity of longitudinal data regarding its impact on sexual behavior. To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in frequency of sexual activity and partner dynamics in the United States, we utilized data from the General Social Survey (GSS). This biannual survey of adults in the United States, provided responses from 12,791 participants, enabling a comparative analysis of sexual behaviors between pre-COVID-19 (2016 and 2018, n = 5215 respondents) and COVID-19 periods (2021 and 2022, n = 7576 respondents).

The burden of chronic pain in transgender and gender diverse populations: Evidence from a large US clinical database.

Background: Chronic pain, affecting approximately 20% of the global population, is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Transgender individuals are disproportionately exposed to chronic pain risk factors compared with the cisgender population. This study compares the incidence of chronic pain between transgender and cisgender individuals and examines the impact of gender affirming hormone therapy, anxiety, and depression on chronic pain.