1,022 results match your criteria: "Uremic Encephalopathy"
A novel scoring system for the prediction of disease severity in STEC-HUS.
Pediatr Int
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
Background: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a life-threatening condition complicated by acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and central nervous system disorders. The early identification of high-risk patients is required to facilitate timely and appropriate treatment.
Methods: The medical records of patients with STEC-HUS treated at 11 hospitals in Hokkaido, Japan, were reviewed retrospectively.
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome of pregnancy with acute massive cerebral infarction: A case report.
Medicine (Baltimore)
December 2024
Department of Oncology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China.
Rationale: Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is the most serious type of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) and can be easily confused with other disorders, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombocytopenia syndromes. Timely diagnosis of CAPS poses considerable challenges due to its rarity and the fact that clinicians often lack knowledge of the disease.
Patient Concerns: A 21-year-old patient was 32 weeks and 5 days pregnant when she presented to the hospital with a 7-hour history of sudden onset of left-sided limb weakness with no apparent cause.
Regulation of the blood-brain barrier function by peripheral cues in health and disease.
Metab Brain Dis
December 2024
Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by microvascular endothelial cells which are ensembled with pericytes, astrocytes, microglia and neurons in the neurovascular unit (NVU) that is crucial for neuronal function. Given that the NVU and the BBB are highly dynamic and regulated structures, their integrity is continuously challenged by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Herein, factors from peripheral organs such as gonadal and adrenal hormones may influence vascular function also in CNS endothelial cells in a sex- and age-dependent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConsciousness disturbance in patients with chronic kidney disease: Rare but potentially treatable complication. Clinical and neuroradiological review.
Behav Brain Res
December 2024
Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Imaging, Radiation Therapy and Hematology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- In patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis, brain complications like Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and uremic encephalopathy can develop, with their potential reversibility depending on early detection and treatment.
- Neurological symptoms can range widely from mild consciousness disturbances to coma, and imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing the specific underlying issues.
- Complications linked to dialysis include Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome and Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome, each showing unique imaging patterns, but accurate diagnosis often requires a detailed clinical history and lab results due to occasionally overlapping features.
Teaching NeuroImage: Reversible Symmetric Cytotoxic Edema Affecting White Matter in Uremic Encephalopathy.
Neurology
January 2025
From the Departments of Neurology (J.L., Q.F., S.C., L.R.), Radiology (D.S.), and Nephrology (X.Y.), Panzhou People's Hospital, Panzhou City; and Department of Neurology (D.H.), The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China.
Chorea in Hemodialysis Patients: Report of Two Cases.
Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis
November 2024
Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- - Chorea, which is characterized by involuntary limb movements, is rare in patients on maintenance dialysis but significantly impacts their quality of life, with limited prior documentation on the condition.
- - Two hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease experienced worsening involuntary movements; one was treated for diabetic striatopathy, while the other for uremic metabolic encephalopathy, both with subsequent symptom improvement.
- - The cases highlight that choreiform movements in hemodialysis patients can arise from different causes, indicating a need for careful diagnosis and treatment in the early stages of dialysis.
Uremic Encephalopathy Presented as Stroke: The Value of Lentiform Fork Sign.
Cureus
November 2024
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.
Article Synopsis
AST-120 Protects Cognitive and Emotional Impairment in Chronic Kidney Disease Induced by 5/6 Nephrectomy.
Brain Sci
October 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan-si 31151, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
Cerebrovascular damage caused by the gut microbe/host co-metabolite -cresol sulfate is prevented by blockade of the EGF receptor.
Gut Microbes
November 2024
Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK.
Article Synopsis
The ameliorative potential of platelet-rich plasma and exosome on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced uremic encephalopathy in rats.
Sci Rep
November 2024
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and exosome injections on kidney and brain tissue following renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which disrupts the blood-brain barrier and elevates toxins leading to uremic encephalopathy.
- - Results show that rats treated with PRP and exosomes exhibited improved kidney function, increased brain GABA levels, decreased glutamate, and better histological outcomes, compared to those that only experienced I/R injury.
- - Additionally, the treatments led to reduced oxidative stress and inflammation markers in renal tissues, as well as significant restoration of damaged brain cells, indicating their potential as therapeutic options for kidney-related brain injuries.
Interaction of 4-ethyl phenyl sulfate with bovine serum albumin: Experimental and molecular docking studies.
PLoS One
October 2024
Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
Article Synopsis
- 4-ethyl phenyl sulfate (EPS) is a toxic compound linked to autism spectrum disorders and chronic kidney disease, which may contribute to neuro-related issues by crossing the blood-brain barrier.
- Recent studies show that EPS binds to serum albumin, indicating potential implications for treatment strategies for chronic kidney disease and neurological disorders.
- Experiments using various spectroscopy techniques demonstrated that increased concentrations of EPS affect the structure of bovine serum albumin, confirming this interaction and suggesting avenues for developing synthetic compounds that could help clear EPS from the body.
A Rapidly Deteriorating Case of Bivalvular Endocarditis in a Hemodialysis Patient: A Case Report.
Cureus
September 2024
Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Wakefield Campus, Bronx, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection that causes inflammation of the heart's inner lining, often increasing in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD).
- A case study describes a 46-year-old obese male with a history of diabetes and renal disease who faced severe symptoms after missing dialysis sessions, including altered mental status and indications of septic shock.
- The case emphasizes the need for urgent medical intervention and collaboration among healthcare teams to stabilize the patient and investigate potential infections linked to his condition.
Pearls & Oy-sters: Neurologic Involvement in Shiga Toxin-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.
Neurology
November 2024
From the Department of Neurology (T.A.F., C.B.), and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (M.T.S.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Article Synopsis
- Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is a key cause of bacterial enteritis and can lead to severe complications like hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by hemolytic anemia, low platelet count, and kidney dysfunction.
- HUS primarily damages small blood vessels, particularly in the kidneys and brain, with rare neurologic symptoms such as altered consciousness and seizures primarily observed in adults.
- A case report of a 52-year-old woman revealed multiple craniocervical dissections linked to STEC-HUS-encephalopathy, suggesting that Shiga toxin damage may extend beyond small vessels to larger blood vessels as well.
Secondary parkinsonism associated with focal brain lesions.
Front Neurol
September 2024
Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Article Synopsis
- Focal imaging abnormalities in parkinsonism patients indicate a secondary cause, necessitating a unique diagnostic and treatment approach.
- Various factors such as vascular issues, brain injuries, and toxic exposures can lead to secondary parkinsonism, presenting with symptoms like rigidity and bradykinesia, often without rest tremor.
- Neuroimaging, especially MRI, is vital for diagnosis, as recognizing imaging abnormalities in context can lead to effective treatment; many secondary forms are reversible, improving our understanding of Parkinson's disease and brain function.
Legionella Pneumophila Presenting as a Rare Cause of Acute Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report and Review of Literature.
Eur J Case Rep Intern Med
August 2024
Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses Legionella infection, which can cause severe health issues ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to serious conditions like pneumonia and multi-organ failure, and may also be linked to rare blood disorders like immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
- A case study is presented of a 53-year-old man who showed symptoms of pneumonia and severe low platelet count, which was later diagnosed as Legionella infection after positive urine antigen tests.
- It emphasizes the importance of recognizing Legionella as a potential cause in patients with pneumonia and significant thrombocytopenia, as early detection can improve patient outcomes and prevent severe complications.
A Rare Case of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Presenting as Chronic Interstitial Nephritis.
Cureus
July 2024
Nephrology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, IND.
Article Synopsis
- * A 30-year-old man, with a family history of kidney disease, presented with high blood pressure and was later diagnosed with chronic kidney issues after several evaluations, including tests that ruled out certain genetic conditions.
- * After experiencing confusion and extreme hypertension in early 2024, further tests revealed low complement levels and a genetic mutation related to complement dysregulation, illustrating the impact of this dysregulation on kidney health.
Efficacy of probiotics/synbiotics supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Front Nutr
August 2024
Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Article Synopsis
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge, and probiotic/synbiotic supplementation may improve kidney function by influencing gut bacteria and reducing inflammation.
- A systematic review of 21 studies found that these supplements significantly lowered blood urea nitrogen and C-reactive protein levels in CKD patients compared to controls.
- While results show potential benefits, further extensive clinical studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of probiotics/synbiotics in CKD treatment, especially for longer-term use.
The Approach to Altered Mental Status in the Intensive Care Unit.
Semin Neurol
December 2024
sBridgeport Hospital, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport, Connecticut.
Article Synopsis
- Altered mental status (AMS) is a common and serious issue in ICU patients, often diagnosed too broadly with labels like toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (TME) and delirium.
- It's crucial to thoroughly evaluate AMS patients for specific, treatable diseases affecting the brain instead of relying on these nonspecific labels.
- The review provides strategies for assessing AMS in the ICU, discusses common neurodiagnostic procedures, and highlights specific causes of AMS that may be overlooked in standard screenings.
Kidney-brain axis in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment.
Neurobiol Dis
October 2024
Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The kidney-brain axis is a communication network that connects the kidneys and brain, and can be disrupted by issues like inflammation and toxins, leading to various diseases, including cognitive impairment.
- Research shows that chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of cognitive impairment compared to those without CKD.
- The review aims to explore the mechanisms behind CKD-related cognitive impairment, identify potential indicators, and suggest ways to prevent and treat it.
Article Synopsis
- Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) can present atypically, sometimes seen as bilateral symmetrical vasogenic edema in the basal ganglia, noted as the "lentiform fork sign."
- Prompt identification of variations in PRES presentation is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment, especially in transplant recipients using immunosuppressive drugs.
- A case study of a 19-year-old male highlights this atypical presentation and the importance of neuroimaging in diagnosing PRES, with successful management leading to resolution of symptoms within two weeks.
Chronic kidney disease leads to microglial potassium efflux and inflammasome activation in the brain.
Kidney Int
December 2024
Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital; Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Cognitive impairment is often seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but kidney transplantation can reverse this issue, highlighting the potential for therapeutic intervention.
- Research using mouse models and human samples reveals that activated microglia disrupt potassium balance and cognition in CKD, while also affecting the blood-brain barrier.
- Targeting microglia activation or IL-1 signaling shows promise in restoring cognitive function in CKD, suggesting new treatment strategies for cognitive impairment related to kidney disease.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Uremic Encephalopathy: Identifying Key Imaging Patterns and Clinical Correlations.
J Clin Med
July 2024
Research Unit of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- MRI is vital for diagnosing neurological disorders, particularly for identifying brain pathology in uremic encephalopathy (UE), a condition linked to kidney failure that causes cognitive impairment due to toxin buildup.* -
- Current research shows a lack of detailed MRI findings in UE, and the study seeks to establish correlations between specific MRI patterns and the severity of clinical symptoms to enhance diagnostic accuracy.* -
- The literature review revealed important MRI findings in UE, such as brain edema and key indicators like the "lentiform fork sign," highlighting the need for comprehensive diagnostic methods and better studies for improved treatment and understanding.*
"Lentiform fork sign" in uremic striatopallidal syndrome: a rare cause of parkinsonism.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr
August 2024
Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências Comportamentais, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.
The mechanisms underlying acute myocardial infarction in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Biomed Pharmacother
August 2024
The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, The Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- * Factors like immune dysfunction, inflammatory cytokines, and metabolic changes in CKD contribute to plaque instability and vascular calcification, increasing the risk for AMI.
- * The review focuses on understanding the mechanisms behind AMI in CKD patients on hemodialysis and exploring potential prevention and treatment strategies, emphasizing the interaction between kidney and cardiovascular health.