From Bystander-to-Upstander: A Novel Intervention Framework to Address Microaggressions in a Pediatric Academic Medical Center.

Microaggressions undermine health professionals' performance in patient care, research, and education. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an intervention addressing microaggressions in healthcare settings by empowering bystanders to act as upstanders across an academic medical center (AMC). This was achieved through an educational intervention that included a novel framework, didactics, video demonstrations, and practice with realistic scenarios.

Magnitude of cesarean section and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals in East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Background: Globally, there has been an explosive rise in the cesarean section rate that exceeds the World Health Organization rate of 10-15% and in the past fifteen years the rates was doubled in some countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the current magnitude and the factors that contribute to increasing cesarean section rates beyond the World Health Organization recommendations and specifically in the study areas.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of cesarean sections and its associated factors among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals in East Wollega Zone, Oromia Ethiopia 2022.

Daily walking time effects of the opening of a multifunctional facility "ONIKURU" using propensity score matching and GPS tracking techniques.

Urban design focused on improving walkability has received attention as a method of increasing physical activity among the population. However, only a few studies have examined the effect of walking time of opening multifunctional facilities as an architecture-scale intervention. This study aimed to clarify the effect of opening a multifunctional facility on residents' daily walking time.

Global burden of cardiovascular disease mortality attributable to secondhand smoke, 1990-2019: Systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: Few studies have globally assessed the cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality burden attributable to secondhand smoke. We aimed to address this research gap.

Methods: We used a systematic analysis design using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

[Construction of regional ecological security pattern based on the "sensitivity-importance-connectivity" framework: A case study of Guizhou Province].

The construction of an ecological security pattern is crucial to maintain ecosystem health and stability, with great significance for regional sustainable development. Following the research paradigm of "ecological source areas-ecological resistance surfaces-ecological corridors", based on the index framework of "sensitivity-importance-connectivity", we identified the ecological source areas, generated the ecological resistance surface through graded weighting of underlying surface factors and point of interest (POI) method, determined the ecological corridor, pinch point, and obstacle area using circuit theory, and constructed the ecological security pattern of Guizhou Pro-vince. Results showed that the areas of extremely sensitive of rocky desertification and soil erosion and the areas of extremely important areas of water resources forming, soil and water conservation and biodiversity in Guizhou Pro-vince were generally small and distributed differently, accounting for 1.

Prevalence of economic violence among the geriatric population and their knowledge and utilization of social security schemes in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu.

Context: Economic independence is an important factor in the prevention of violence among the elderly. Optimal utilization of various social security schemes in India helps them in achieving financial independence and proper utilization of health care services. However, there is a knowledge and service utilization gap among the elderly in our population.

Impact of race on discharge location for stroke survivors: Associations with home discharge from a retrospective analysis.

Background: White stroke survivors often experience better outcome compared to their counterparts. Poststroke discharge location influences the subsequent rehabilitation that can support recovery and improve outcomes. However, few studies have looked at the association of race and discharge to home.

Dental Clinic Deserts in the US: Spatial Accessibility Analysis.

Importance: Little is known about the spatial accessibility to dental clinics across the US.

Objective: To map the spatial accessibility of dental clinics nationally and to examine the characteristics of counties and US Census block groups with dental care shortage areas.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cross-sectional study of US dental clinics in 2023 using data from the IQVIA national practitioners' database, which includes 205 762 active dentists.

Social Determinants of Health, Blood Pressure Classification, and Incident Stroke Among Chinese Adults.

Importance: Although cumulative evidence suggests that higher blood pressure (BP) and a greater burden of social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with an increased risk of stroke, few studies have examined whether SDOH burden modifies the association between BP and stroke risk.

Objective: To evaluate whether the association between BP classification and stroke risk differs by SDOH burden among Chinese adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, analyses were conducted among 90 850 participants in the prospective subcohort of the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project, with recruitment from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020.

Identification and Health Risks of an Emerging Means of Drug Use in Correctional Facilities.

Importance: Recreational use of drug-soaked paper strips (hereafter, strips) in correctional facilities poses a major public health risk owing to the diverse and potentially severe toxic effects of the substances they contain. Understanding the clinical manifestations and outcomes of exposure to these strips is important for developing effective management and prevention strategies.

Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes of intoxication from strips in a correctional facility population, and to identify the specific substances present in these strips.

Effectiveness of psychosocial intervention and functionality among homeless persons with mental illness.

Background: Homelessness is a deeply ingrained aspect of our culture. It has a detrimental influence on people of all ages' physical and mental well-being, child development, academic success and the establishment and upkeep of families. Homelessness and mental illness have a reciprocal relationship that makes them two interrelated social issues that affect people's ability to function and communities all over the world.

Assessing the correlation between park view elements and exercise physiological indicators of walkers, joggers, and runners: a case study of Century Park in Shanghai.

Objective: To explore the correlation between park view elements and their combinations on the heart rate (HR) and speed of walkers, joggers, and runners in different groups of people's profiles and walking types, provide suggestions for the planning and design of walking suitability of walking trails in parks, and guide people with different walking needs to scientifically choose walking trails in parks.

Methods: Profile data and exercise data of users who recorded walking activities in Century Park are collected on Strava, and the park view images (PVIs) were taken and segmented semantically. Data are grouped according to gender, age, weight and exercise type, and the quantitative relationship between HR, speed and 17 park view elements is studied by Spearman correlation analysis.

East London Project: a participatory mixed-method evaluation on how removing enforcement could affect sex workers' safety, health and access to services in East London.

Background: Sex workers' risk of violence and ill-health is shaped by their work environments, community and structural factors, including criminalisation.

Aim: We evaluated the impact of removing police enforcement on sex workers' safety, health and access to services.

Design: Mixed-methods participatory study comprising qualitative research, a prospective cohort study, mathematical modelling and routine data collation.

The asymptomatic tuberculosis proportion among the elderly population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The elderly population is a high-risk group for tuberculosis, and increasing evidence demonstrates a comparatively high proportion of asymptomatic tuberculosis in this group. This study aimed to determine the proportion of asymptomatic tuberculosis among patients with active tuberculosis through active case finding in the elderly population.

Materials And Methods: We searched for relevant articles published from the establishment of each database to December 31, 2023 in Web of Science, PubMed, VIP database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database.

Taking Action to Support Nursing Home Resident Wellbeing: Perspectives of U.S. Nursing Home Staff During COVID-19.

Background And Objectives: COVID-19 negatively influenced resident wellbeing in nursing homes (NHs). We examine perceptions and experiences of U.S.

Novel Device for in Situ and Real-Time Detection of the Acidity of Ambient Aerosols: Laboratory Characterization and Ambient Measurements.

Aerosol acidity, defined as pH, is a critical property that influences the formation, evolution, and health and climate effects of atmospheric aerosol particles. Direct measurement of ambient aerosol pH, however, remains challenging for atmospheric scientists. Here, based on the method of colorimetric analysis on aerosol-loaded pH-indicator papers, we develop a new device that can achieve in situ and real-time measurement of the pH of ambient aerosol droplets at a fixed relative humidity of 90%.

Co-designing a physical activity intervention for low-income mothers of preschool-aged children with community leaders: a qualitative study.

Background: Young children from low-income families experience disparities in school readiness that impact short and long-term health. Family physical activity co-participation is an interactive activity that may promote positive health and academic outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe the process and outcomes of engaging with community leaders to co-design the Families Moving Together intervention for low-income mothers and their preschool-aged children.

Back to the Bottle: Comparison of Palatoplasty Outcomes Before and After Systematic Changes to Postoperative Precaution Protocols.

Main Objective: To analyze postoperative palatoplasty outcomes before and after systemic protocol changes to preferred bottle and arm immobilizer use after surgery.

Design: Retrospective, cohort study.

Setting: Urban, academic, tertiary medical center in New York City, NY.

Association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and violence cases in South Korea: A nationwide time-stratified care-crossover study.

Several studies reported the roles of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on violent behaviors; however, existing findings had a limitation in assessing the population-representative association between violence and PM2.5 due to the limited data availability: most studies have been based on homicides in monitored urban areas.

Empowering Self-Management for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Human-Centered Design Study of Spanish- and Cantonese-Preferring Patients in the United States.

Introduction: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a leading cause of disability with disproportionately high impacts on marginalized populations, including non-English-preferring patients. These patients face significant barriers to accessing care and adhering to self-management strategies due to language barriers, socioeconomic challenges, and cultural differences. Despite the emphasis on self-management for cLBP, limited research has focused on understanding the specific needs and preferences of Spanish- and Cantonese-preferring patients.

Extraordinary nature and human recovery: Psychological and physiological perspectives.

The restorative effect of natural environments on human well-being has garnered significant attention in psychology and environmental science. However, extraordinary nature-such as volcanoes, glaciers, and starry skies-has been largely underexplored despite its potential to elicit stronger emotional and physiological responses. Similarly, personality analysis has been somewhat overlooked in environmental psychology research.

Municipality assessment of temperature-related mortality risks in Norway.

Background & Aim: Understanding local vulnerability to heat and cold is crucial for public health planning, yet few studies have provided a nationwide analysis of temperature-related mortality across diverse communities. This study analyses the association between ambient air temperature and non-accidental mortality across mainland Norway, using a constrained hierarchical clustering algorithm to group municipalities with similar geographic, environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic patterns.

Methods: This study analysed the association between ambient air temperature and non-accidental mortality across 356 Norwegian municipalities, using daily data from 1996 to 2018.

Perceptions of Frail Older Adults on Contributing Factors Causing the Onset of Crises Leading to Hospital Admissions: A Qualitative Study.

Aim: To explore frail older people's perceptions of factors contributing to a health crisis, describe similarities and depict these in a chronological, aggregated patient journey map.

Design: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study.

Methods: Frail older patients visiting the emergency department of a metropolitan academic hospital in the Netherlands during the first 6 months of 2021 were recruited by purposive sampling.