Cysteine Homeostasis Disturbance in Escherichia coli Caused by Exposure to Ciprofloxacin.

E. coli exposure to ciprofloxacin disturbs cysteine homeostasis; an increase in the intracellular concentration of cysteine is dangerous due to its ability to enhance ROS generation. Unlike wild-type bacteria, in which the cysteine content did not exceed the control level, cells of the gshA mutant lacking glutathione are characterized by increased concentration of intracellular cysteine in proportion to the concentrations of the antibiotic, despite the intensive export of cysteine into the medium.

Alpha-Fetoprotein as a Factor of Differentiation and Functional Activity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.

We studied the role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in regulation of differentiation and functional activity of human myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in vitro. To obtain MDSC, CD11b cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors followed by cytokine induction (IL-1β+GM-CSF) into the MDSC phenotype. The cell functions were assessed by the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and arginase-1 (Arg1) and cytokine profile of the cell cultures.

Interaction of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles with Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Visualized in the Cell-IQ System.

Graphene oxide is a promising nanomaterial with many potential applications. However, before it can be widely used in areas such as drug delivery and medical diagnostics, its influence on various cell populations in the human body must be studied to ensure its safety. We investigated the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the Cell-IQ system, evaluating cell viability, mobility, and growth rate.

Effect of Changes in the Redox Status on Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli.

Changes in the redox balance in the medium and in Escherichia coli cells significantly affect the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. An increase in the level of aeration in the culture of wild-type bacteria led to a 3-fold decrease in the mass of biofilms. Mutants lacking components of the glutathione and thioredoxin redox systems, as well as transporters involved in the transmembrane cycling of glutathione, demonstrated increased biofilm formation ability.

Lymphopenia and Mechanisms of T-Cell Regeneration.

Chronic lymphopenia, in particular, T-lymphocyte deficiency, increases the risk of death from cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and serves as a risk factor for a severe course and poor outcome of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The regeneration of T-lymphocytes is a complex multilevel process, many questions of which still remain unanswered. The present review considers two main pathways of increasing the T-cell number in lymphopenia: production in the thymus and homeostatic proliferation in the periphery.

The Role of β-Adrenergic Receptors in the Regulation of the Functions of Innate Immune Cells during Cold Stress In Vivo.

It was found that 10-min cold stress enhanced stimulated production of ROS, while 60-min cold stress increased both spontaneous and stimulated ROS production by peritoneal macrophages. β-Adrenergic receptor blockade leveled the effect of 10-min stress in stimulated cultures and the effect of 60-min stress in spontaneous cultures. None variants of cold stress affected spontaneous and stimulated production of IL-1β.