Drivers Underlying Metastasis and Relapse in Medulloblastoma and Targeting Strategies.

Medulloblastomas comprise a molecularly diverse set of malignant pediatric brain tumors in which patients are stratified according to different prognostic risk groups that span from very good to very poor. Metastasis at diagnosis is most often a marker of poor prognosis and the relapse incidence is higher in these children. Medulloblastoma relapse is almost always fatal and recurring cells have, apart from resistance to standard of care, acquired genetic and epigenetic changes that correlate with an increased dormancy state, cell state reprogramming and immune escape.

The Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Late-Onset Sepsis during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Introduction: The effect of the pandemic restrictions in the NICUs is not well studied. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is characterized by intestinal inflammation and bacterial invasion. This study aimed to investigate whether the incidence of NEC has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden and whether it was associated with a change in the frequency of extremely preterm births.

Factors predictive of hospital admission for children via emergency departments in Australia and Sweden: an observational cross-sectional study.

Background: Identifying factors predictive of hospital admission can be useful to prospectively inform bed management and patient flow strategies and decrease emergency department (ED) crowding. It is largely unknown if admission rate or factors predictive of admission vary based on the population to which the ED served (i.e.

Experiences and satisfaction of video follow up of children with paediatric gastrointestinal conditions linking tertiary centre with guardians and clinicians at the local hospital: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Children with complicated gastrointestinal conditions are dependent on follow up by tertiary care specialists throughout childhood to prevent and treat complications. In Sweden, paediatric surgical- and intestinal rehabilitation centres are centralised which means that many patients and guardians have to travel long distances to access tertiary referral centres. Our tertiary referral centre has developed a model of shared care with video conferences for follow up with our centre and the patient and guardians attending together with the responsible professionals at the local hospital.

Adolescents with obesity treated with exenatide maintain endogenous GLP-1, reduce DPP-4, and improve glycemic control.

Background: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are increasingly used to treat adolescent obesity. However, the effect on endogenous GLP-1 secretory patterns following treatment in adolescents is unknown. The GLP-1RA exenatide was shown to significantly lower BMI and 2-hour glucose in adolescents with obesity, in the placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial Combat-JUDO.

Predictors of treatment response in therapy-resistant enuresis.

Background: The voiding chart is part of the initial evaluation of enuresis, since the data gathered this way are assumed to carry predictive information. However, there is little evidence that the voiding chart actually does predict therapy response. Lundmark & Nevéus performed a pilot investigation in 2020 and found that anamnestic and voiding chart data did not predict response to second-line therapies.

Studies in children with obesity in two European treatment centres show a high prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism in the Swedish cohort.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence and possible risk factors for the development of impaired glucose metabolism in children and adolescents with obesity.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study, including 634 patients with obesity and 98 normal weight controls aged 4-18 years from the Beta-cell function in Juvenile Diabetes and Obesity (Beta-JUDO) cohort, a dual-centre study at Uppsala University Hospital (Sweden) and Paracelsus Medical University Hospital (Salzburg, Austria) conducted between 2012 and 2021. A longitudinal subgroup analysis, including 188 of these subjects was performed.

Patient Delay, Lead Times, and Adherence to Diagnostic Guidelines in Children and Adolescents With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Aims: In a cohort of 45 children and adolescents diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), our main aims were to investigate patient delay, lead time to final diagnosis, and adherence to current diagnostic guidelines.

Methods: This population-based, retrospective, single-center cohort study was performed at Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Sweden, a tertiary referral center for children and adolescents with rare and/or complicated neurologic disease. Patient data were retrieved from the local registries for patients filling the following criteria: age (0-17.

Reference standards for follicular density in ovarian cortex from birth to sexual maturity.

Research Question: Are age-normalized reference values for human ovarian cortical follicular density adequate for tissue quality control in fertility preservation?

Design: Published quantitative data on the number of follicles in samples without known ovarian pathology were converted into cortical densities to create reference values. Next, a sample cohort of 126 girls (age 1-24 years, mean ± SD 11 ± 6) with cancer, severe haematological disease or Turner syndrome were used to calculate Z-scores for cortical follicular density based on the reference values.

Results: No difference was observed between Z-scores in samples from untreated patients (0.

Frequent Occurrence of Perianal Disease and Granuloma Formation in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Coexistent Orofacial Granulomatosis.

Background: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an inflammatory disorder of the perioral region and oral cavity. Crohn's disease (CD) in conjunction with OFG (CD-OFG), has been suggested to constitute a phenotype of CD with distinct features at diagnosis.

Aims: The aim of this project was to investigate whether the distinct phenotypic features of CD-OFG persist in the years following the initial diagnosis of CD.

Left-handedness should not be overrated as a risk factor for postoperative speech impairment in children after posterior fossa tumour surgery: a prospective European multicentre study.

Purpose: Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is a severe neurological complication of posterior fossa tumour surgery in children, and postoperative speech impairment (POSI) is the main component. Left-handedness was previously suggested as a strong risk factor for POSI. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between handedness and the risk of POSI.

Neurocognitive Functions Before and After Radiotherapy in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors.

Background: The numbers of pediatric brain tumor survivors are increasing due to improved treatment protocols and multimodal treatments. Many survivors have neurocognitive sequelae, especially after radiotherapy. Neuropsychologic assessment is therefore essential to interpret clinical outcome, evaluate treatments protocol, and implement rehabilitation interventions.

Predictors of histopathological esophagitis in infants and adolescents with esophageal atresia within a national follow-up programme.

Purpose: Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital anomaly of the foregut. Although the survival has improved over the years there is a significant gastrointestinal morbidity affecting physical function and health-related quality of life. The aims of the study were to identify and evaluate predictors of histopathological esophagitis in infants and adolescents with EA.

Outcome and management in neonates with gastroschisis in the third millennium-a single-centre observational study.

Unlabelled: Gastroschisis is one of the most common congenital malformations in paediatric surgery. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal management. The aims of this study were to investigate the management and outcome and to identify predictors of outcome in gastroschisis.

The Impact of Restricted versus Liberal Early Fluid Volumes on Plasma Sodium, Weight Change, and Short-Term Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants.

The optimal fluid requirements for extremely preterm infants are not fully known. We examined retrospectively the fluid intakes during the first week of life in two cohorts of extremely preterm infants born at 22-26 weeks of gestation before ( = 63) and after a change from a restrictive to a more liberal ( = 112) fluid volume allowance to improve nutrient provision. The cohorts were similar in gestational age and birth weight, but antenatal steroid exposure was more frequent in the second era.

Motor performance after treatment of pilocytic astrocytoma in the posterior fossa in childhood.

Background: Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common brain tumour type in childhood located in the posterior fossa, and treated mainly with surgery. These tumours have low mortality, but knowledge concerning its long-term outcome is sparse.

Aims: The aim was to investigate if patients treated for pilocytic astrocytoma in the posterior fossa had motor complications, including balance, motor and process skills.

Metabolic Abnormalities in a Cohort of Overweight and Obese Children in an Urban Setting of Sri Lanka.

Childhood obesity-related metabolic derangements are increasing among South Asian populations. Most of these changes persist to adulthood. This study aims to describe the distribution of metabolic abnormalities among 7- to 17-year-old overweight and obese children in the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka.

The value of autopsy in preterm infants at a Swedish tertiary neonatal intensive care unit 2002-2018.

Reliable data on causes of death (COD) in preterm infants are needed to assess perinatal care and current clinical guidelines. In this retrospective observational analysis of all deceased preterm infants born < 37 weeks' gestational age (n = 278) at a Swedish tertiary neonatal intensive care unit, we compared preliminary COD from Medical Death Certificates with autopsy defined COD (2002-2018), and assessed changes in COD between two periods (period 1:2002-2009 vs. period 2:2011-2018; 2010 excluded due to centralized care and seasonal variation in COD).