Mitigation of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson Mouse Model through Liposomal Coenzyme-Q10 Intervention: A Comprehensive In-vivo Study.

Parkinson's disease (PD) stands as the sec most prevalent incapacitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deterioration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has garnered attention as a potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent and enhancer of mitochondrial complex-I activity. This study aimed to examine and compare the effectiveness of liposomal and non-encapsulated CoQ10 in rotenone induced-PD mouse model over a 21-day treatment duration.

Pharmacokinetic characterization and exposure-response relationship of crovalimab in the COMMODORE 1, 2 and 3 and COMPOSER trials of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.

Aims: Crovalimab is a novel C5 inhibitor administered first intravenously and then subcutaneously in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) naive to complement inhibition or switching from eculizumab or ravulizumab. Crovalimab showed efficacy and safety comparable to eculizumab in the pivotal COMMODORE 2 and supporting studies.

Methods: We characterized crovalimab pharmacokinetics and the relationship between exposure pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic biomarkers, efficacy and safety endpoints using pooled data (healthy volunteers [n = 9], naive [n = 210] and switched [n = 211] patients).

Managing pre and postpartum mental health issues of refugee women from fragile and conflict-affected countries: A systematic review.

Objective: Refugee or immigrant women residing in conflict prone countries portray elevated mental health related vulnerabilities during their peripartum periods and require effective interventions for improved maternal and child well-being. The objective of this systematic review is to generate evidence on effective interventions for managing peripartum mental health issues among refugee women from conflicted settings.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Large simple randomized controlled trials-from drugs to medical devices: lessons from recent experience.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the cornerstone of modern evidence-based medicine. They are considered essential to establish definitive evidence of efficacy and safety for new drugs, and whenever possible they should also be the preferred method for investigating new high-risk medical devices. Well-designed studies robustly inform clinical practice guidelines and decision-making, but administrative obstacles have made it increasingly difficult to conduct informative RCTs.

Visualization using NIPTviewer support the clinical interpretation of noninvasive prenatal testing results.

Background: Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is increasingly used to screen for fetal chromosomal aneuploidy by analyzing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in peripheral maternal blood. The method provides an opportunity for early detection of large genetic abnormalities without an increased risk of miscarriage due to invasive procedures. Commercial applications for use at clinical laboratories often take advantage of DNA sequencing technologies and include the bioinformatic workup of the sequence data.

Altered expression of aromatase and estrogen receptors in adipose tissue from men with obesity or type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Obesity and insulin resistance in men are linked to decreased testosterone and increased estradiol (E2) levels. Aromatase (ARO) converts testosterone into E2, and this occurs mainly in adipose tissue in men. E2 acts through estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2, and they potentially affect development of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Measuring the patient safety climate in community pharmacies: an updated national survey.

Background: The patient safety climate in community pharmacies was measured nationally in Sweden in 2008. Since that time the Swedish pharmacy market has undergone a re-regulation which probably has affected the patient safety climate in pharmacies.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the patient safety climate among pharmacists working in Swedish community pharmacies and compare it with historical data.

Unlocking novel T cell-based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma through neoantigen-driven T cell receptor isolation.

Background: Tumour-infiltrating T cells can mediate both antitumour immunity and promote tumour progression by creating an immunosuppressive environment. This dual role is especially relevant in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), characterised by a unique microenvironment and limited success with current immunotherapy.

Objective: We evaluated T cell responses in patients with advanced HCC by analysing tumours, liver flushes and liver-draining lymph nodes, to understand whether reactive T cell populations could be identified despite the immunosuppressive environment.

Lung function and onset of cardiometabolic diseases in the longitudinal Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study.

Introduction: Previous population-based studies, mainly from high-income countries, have shown that a higher forced vital capacity (FVC) is associated with a lower risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal association between spirometry measures and the onset of cardiometabolic diseases across sites in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries.

Methods: The study population comprised 5916 individuals from 15 countries participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease baseline and follow-up assessments.

Mortality and reoperations following treatment of acetabular fractures in patients ≥ 70 years: a retrospective cohort study of 247 patients.

Background And Purpose:  Evidence for long-term outcomes following acetabular fractures in older adults is limited. We aimed to evaluate mortality, complications, and need for subsequent surgical procedures in operatively and nonoperatively treated older patients with acetabular fractures.

Methods: Patients aged ≥ 70 years with acetabular fractures treated at Uppsala University Hospital between 2010 and 2020 were included.

Guidelines for Patient-Centered Documentation in the Era of Open Notes: Qualitative Study.

Background: Patients in the United States have recently gained federally mandated, free, and ready electronic access to clinicians' computerized notes in their medical records ("open notes"). This change from longstanding practice can benefit patients in clinically important ways, but studies show some patients feel judged or stigmatized by words or phrases embedded in their records. Therefore, it is imperative that clinicians adopt documentation techniques that help both to empower patients and minimize potential harms.

RNase P cleavage of pseudoknot substrates reveals differences in active site architecture that depend on residue N-1 in the 5' leader.

We show that a small biotin-binding RNA aptamer that folds into a pseudoknot structure acts as a substrate for bacterial RNase P RNA (RPR) with and without the RNase P C5 protein. Cleavage in the single-stranded region in loop 1 was shown to depend on the presence of a RCCA-motif at the 3' end of the substrate. The nucleobase and the 2'hydroxyl at the position immediately 5' of the cleavage site contribute to both cleavage efficiency and site selection, where C at this position induces significant cleavage at an alternative site, one base upstream of the main cleavage site.

Detection and distinction of amino acids and post-translational modifications with gold nanojunctions.

Amino acids are fundamental building blocks of proteins, playing critical roles in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and biomarker identification. The development of nanoscale electronic sensors capable of single-amino-acid recognition has gained significant attention due to their potential for label-free, real-time detection. In this study, we investigate the electronic transport properties of amino acids in two gold-based nanodevices with distinct architectures: a gold nanojunction and a gold-capacitor system.

Never mind the bug: no differences in infection-free survival after periprosthetic joint infections with , , or .

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following arthroplasty of the hip or knee joint and can be challenging to treat, depending on the underlying pathogen. There is still a debate whether streptococcal PJI are more difficult to treat than those caused by staphylococci. We aimed to investigate if the treatment results after PJI caused by (), spp.

A two-wave survey study examining the impact of different sources of pregnancy information on pregnancy-related anxiety among Swedish women.

Introduction: During pregnancy, women rely on a variety of sources to obtain information. However, not all of these sources are equally reliable, and there is the concern that especially online information-seeking may increase pregnancy-related anxiety. This study examines to what extent different sources of pregnancy information are associated with concurrent pregnancy-related anxiety (RQ1) and changes in pregnancy-related anxiety throughout the pregnancy (RQ2).

Synthesis, characterization, and computational evaluation of some synthesized xanthone derivatives: focus on kinase target network and biomedical properties.

Background: Xanthones are dubbed as putative lead-like molecules for cancer drug design and discovery. This study was aimed at the synthesis, characterization, and target fishing of novel xanthone derivatives.

Methods: The products of reactions of xanthydrol with urea, thiourea, and thiosemicarbazide reacted with α-haloketones to prepare the thiazolone compounds.

Seven new species in (, ) from the Northern Hemisphere recovered through morphological and molecular methods.

The ectomycorrhizal genus (, ) is studied using morphological and molecular methods. Seven new species are identified and described, , and , bringing the total number of accepted species to 13. All new species are supported by ITS sequences from basidiomata and from environmental soil and root-tip sequences available in public databases.

Experimental, Theoretical, and Studies of Potential CDC7 Kinase Inhibitors.

In this work, we present the synthesis, solid-state characterization, and studies of two pyrazole derivatives: 5-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (I) and 5-(4-methylphenoxy)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (II). The molecular crystal properties, in terms of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions, are analyzed using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Hirshfeld surfaces computational method is used to quantify the intermolecular interactions, density functional theory for theoretical structural optimization, and its comparison with the experimental structure and studies using docking and molecular dynamics studies of I and II with CDC7-kinase.

Relaxin mimetic in pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease: Design and rationale of Re-PHIRE.

Aims: Despite receiving guideline-directed medical heart failure (HF) therapy, patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (PH-LHD) experience higher mortality and hospitalization rates than the general HF population. AZD3427 is a functionally selective, long-acting mimetic of relaxin, a hormone that has the potential to induce vasodilation and prevent fibrosis. In a phase 1b study conducted in patients with HF, AZD3427 demonstrated a favourable safety and pharmacokinetic profile.

Fluoxetine and fractures after stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis of three large randomised controlled trials of fluoxetine for stroke recovery.

Background: Observational studies have shown that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of bone fractures, but the association can be confounded by indication and other sources of systematic bias that can be minimised in randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Aim: Our aim was to report the rate, site, context, and predictors of fractures after stroke, and whether the fractures modified the effect of fluoxetine on modified Rankin score (mRS) at six months in an individual patient data meta-analysis of 5907 patients enrolled in three RCTs of fluoxetine (20mg for six months) for stroke recovery.

Methods: We classified fractures by treatment allocation, site (and thus likelihood of osteoporosis) and context, then performed multivariable analyses to explore independent predictors of fractures.

Non-invasive [O]HO PET measurements of cerebral perfusion and cerebrovascular reactivity using an additional heart scan.

Obtaining the arterial input function (AIF) is essential for quantitative regional cerebral perfusion (rCBF) measurements using [O]HO PET. However, arterial blood sampling is invasive and complicates the scanning procedure. We propose a new non-invasive dual scan technique with an image derived input function (IDIF) from an additional heart scan.

Evidence for Peroxisomal Redundancy among the Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana.

The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) plays an important role for the generation of reducing power in all eukaryotes. In plant cells the OPPP operates in several cellular compartments, but as full cycle only in the plastid stroma where it is essential. As suggested by our recent results, OPPP reactions are also mandatory inside peroxisomes, at least during fertilisation.

Trees First Inhibit Then Promote Litter Decomposition in the Subarctic.

Trees affect organic matter decomposition through allocation of recently fixed carbon belowground, but the magnitude and direction of this effect may depend on substrate type and decomposition stage. Here, we followed mass loss, chemical composition and fungal colonisation of leaf and root litters incubated in mountain birch forests over 4 years, in plots where belowground carbon allocation was severed by tree girdling or in control plots. Initially, girdling stimulated leaf and root litter mass loss by 12% and 22%, respectively, suggesting competitive release of saprotrophic decomposition when tree-mediated competition by ectomycorrhizal fungi was eliminated (Gadgil effect).

Effects of converting cropland to grassland on greenhouse gas emissions from peat and organic-rich soils in temperate and boreal climates: a systematic review.

Background: To align with climate goals, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture must be reduced significantly. Cultivated peatlands are an important source of such emissions. One proposed measure is to convert arable fields on peatlands to grassland, as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default emission factors (EF) for organic soils are lower from grasslands.