R3hdml regulates satellite cell proliferation and differentiation.

In this study, we identified a previously uncharacterized skeletal satellite cell-secreted protein, R3h domain containing-like (R3hdml). Expression of R3hdml increases during skeletal muscle development and differentiation in mice. Body weight and skeletal muscle mass of R3hdml knockout (KO) mice are lower compared to control mice.

[The MINIMat study in Bangladesh: International research collaboration and research training with a perspective from foetus to future health].

In South Asia, maternal and child undernutrition is common with consequences for short- and long-term health. In the MINIMat trial (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab) in Bangladesh 4436 pregnant women were allocated to early or later start of food supplements and different micronutrient alternatives. Children of mothers who received food supplementation from week 9 combined with multiple micronutrients showed a halved infant mortality rate.

Delivery of targeted gene therapies using a hybrid cryogel-coated prosthetic vascular graft.

Objectives: The success of prosthetic vascular grafts in the management of peripheral arterial disease is frequently limited by the development of anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia (ANIH), with the host response to prosthetic grafts beginning soon after implantation. To address this, we combine a platform of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric with an applied cryogel layer containing biologic agents to create a bioactive prosthetic graft system, with the ability to deliver therapeutics targeting modulators of the ANIH-associated transcriptome response, along with antithrombotic agents.

Methods: Hybrid graft materials were synthesized by cryopolymerization of methacrylated alginate and heparin onto electrospun (ePET), knitted PET (kPET), or woven PET (wPET).

Sex differences in sickness absence and the morbidity-mortality paradox: a longitudinal study using Swedish administrative registers.

Objective: To analyse whether gender-specific health behaviour can be an explanation for why women outlive men, while having worse morbidity outcomes, known as the morbidity-mortality or gender paradox.

Setting: The working population in Sweden.

Participants: Thirty per cent random sample of Swedish women and men aged 40-59 with a hospital admission in the 1993-2004 period were included.

The Uppsala-Stockholm Assisted Reproductive Techniques (UppStART) study.

Purpose: The Uppsala-Stockholm Assisted Reproductive Techniques (UppStART) study is a prospectively recruited sample of couples undergoing assisted reproduction in Stockholm and Uppsala county in Sweden. The study was initiated to (1) investigate possible changes in the epigenetic profile of infants inferred through the ART procedures and their consequence and (2) to assess the impact of lifestyle and health exposures on treatment outcome.

Participants: Recruitment took place between September 2011 and December 2013, and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles initiated and pregnancies conceived during this time were followed until December 2014.

PCASTt/SPCG-17-a randomised trial of active surveillance in prostate cancer: rationale and design.

Introduction: Overtreatment of localised prostate cancer is substantial despite increased use of active surveillance. No randomised trials help define how to monitor patients or when to initiate treatment with curative intent.

Methods And Analysis: A randomised, multicentre, intervention trial designed to evaluate the safety of an MRI-based active surveillance protocol, with standardised triggers for repeated biopsies and radical treatment.

Attachment difficulties and disorders.

Children and young people who are adopted from care, in care, or at risk of going into care are at higher risk of attachment difficulties and disorders. This may increase the likelihood of mental health conditions and poor emotional regulation. GPs play a role in managing this risk in the community in conjunction with a multi-disciplinary team and supporting referrals to secondary care.

Cost-effectiveness of a high-intensity versus a low-intensity smoking cessation intervention in a dental setting: long-term follow-up.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of a high-intensity and a low-intensity smoking cessation treatment programme (HIT and LIT) using long-term follow-up effectiveness data and to validate the cost-effectiveness results based on short-term follow-up.

Design And Outcome Measures: Intervention effectiveness was estimated in a randomised controlled trial as numbers of abstinent participants after 1 and 5-8 years of follow-up. The economic evaluation was performed from a societal perspective using a Markov model by estimating future disease-related costs (in Euro (€) 2018) and health effects (in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)).

Genetic overlap between autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes.

Epidemiologic studies show an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients with autoimmune disease (AD), due to a combination of shared environmental factors and/or genetic factors, or a causative cascade: chronic inflammation/antigen-stimulation in one disease leads to another. Here we assess shared genetic risk in genome-wide-association-studies (GWAS). Secondary analysis of GWAS of NHL subtypes (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma) and ADs (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis).

Health-related quality of life among frequent attenders in Swedish primary care: a cross-sectional observational study.

Objectives: The aim was to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL), patient characteristics and reasons for visits to general practitioners (GPs) by frequent attenders (FAs) and a comparison group (CG) in primary care.

Methods: Patients aged 18-64 years were eligible for the study. Medical records were scrutinised concerning reasons for visits.

Anthropogenic modifications to fire regimes in the wider Serengeti-Mara ecosystem.

Fire is a key driver in savannah systems and widely used as a land management tool. Intensifying human land uses are leading to rapid changes in the fire regimes, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and composition. We undertake a novel analysis describing spatial patterns in the fire regime of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem, document multidecadal temporal changes and investigate the factors underlying these patterns.

Short-term and long-term case-fatality rates for myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke by socioeconomic position and sex: a population-based cohort study in Sweden, 1990-1994 and 2005-2009.

Objective: Case-fatality rates (CFRs) for myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke (IS) have decreased over time due to better prevention, medication and hospital care. It is unclear whether these improvements have been equally distributed according to socioeconomic position (SEP) and sex. The aim of this study is to analyse differences in short-term and long-term CFR for MI and IS by SEP and sex between the periods 1990-1994 to 2005-2009 for the entire Swedish population.

Cell of origin in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in systemic lupus erythematosus: molecular and clinical factors associated with survival.

Background: SLE is associated with increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). DLBCL is routinely classified by cell of origin (COO), with germinal centre B-cell (GCB) being more common and indicating better prognosis in the general population. We studied COO subtyping in patients with SLE diagnosed with DLBCL and their survival.

Uptake of peer-led venue-based HIV testing sites in Sweden aimed at men who have sex with men (MSM) and trans persons: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: HIV testing among high-risk groups is a key intervention to diagnose persons living unknowingly with HIV to enable linkage to care and effective antiretroviral treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake of Testpoint, the first large-scale HIV testing programme in Sweden where peer, non-healthcare personnel offered venue-based testing. Testing was performed by staff from the Swedish Foundation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights (RFSL Sweden) and testing was performed at the RFSL offices, gay clubs and gay cruising areas, as well as at various gay festivals.

Author Correction: New genetic signals for lung function highlight pathways and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associations across multiple ancestries.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Galantamine plasma concentration and cognitive response in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Galantamine has been approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there are few studies which have reported the association between cognitive responses and galantamine plasma concentration. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between galantamine plasma concentration and the subsequent cognitive response following treatment in AD patients.

Behavioral responses around conspecific corpses in adult eastern gorillas ().

Humans were once considered unique in having a concept of death but a growing number of observations of animal responses to dying and dead conspecifics suggests otherwise. Complex arrays of behaviors have been described ranging from corpse removal and burial among social insects to quiet attendance and caregiving among elephants and primates. Less frequently described, however, are behavioral responses of individuals from different age/sex classes or social position toward the death of conspecifics.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors Associated with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Determined Positivity on Day 3 after Initiation of Artemether-Lumefantrine Treatment for Uncomplicated Malaria in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania.

Prevalence of and risk factors associated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-determined positivity were assessed on day 3 after initiation of treatment, pre-implementation and up to 8 years post-deployment of artemether-lumefantrine as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Bagamoyo district, Tanzania. Samples originated from previously reported trials conducted between 2006 and 2014. Cytochrome b-nested PCR was used to detect malaria parasites from blood samples collected on a filter paper on day 3.

Dog ownership and cardiovascular risk factors: a nationwide prospective register-based cohort study.

Objective: To study the association between dog ownership and cardiovascular risk factors.

Design: A nationwide register-based cohort study and a cross-sectional study in a subset.

Setting: A cohort of 2 026 865 participants was identified from the Register of the Total Population and linked to national registers for information on dog ownership, prescribed medication, hospital admissions, education level, income and country of birth.

New genetic signals for lung function highlight pathways and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associations across multiple ancestries.

Reduced lung function predicts mortality and is key to the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a genome-wide association study in 400,102 individuals of European ancestry, we define 279 lung function signals, 139 of which are new. In combination, these variants strongly predict COPD in independent populations.

Emission and propagation of 1D and 2D spin waves with nanoscale wavelengths in anisotropic spin textures.

Spin waves offer intriguing perspectives for computing and signal processing, because their damping can be lower than the ohmic losses in conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. Magnetic domain walls show considerable potential as magnonic waveguides for on-chip control of the spatial extent and propagation of spin waves. However, low-loss guidance of spin waves with nanoscale wavelengths and around angled tracks remains to be shown.